{"title":"小心在苯海拉明阳性病例中误将“莫达非尼”归为“莫达非尼”。","authors":"Karolina Nowak, Marcin Zawadzki, Paweł Szpot","doi":"10.1007/s11419-025-00716-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diphenhydramine is an antihistaminic agent available in numerous over-the-counter preparations, while modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting agent, available only by prescription, but also used recreationally, when purchased from the black market. Structurally, both substances belong to the class of so-called benzhydryl compounds, which can complicate their proper differentiation. The authors point out the possibility of misattributing modafinil in diphenhydramine-positive cases due to the likely coelution of nordiphenhydramine and modafinil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Post-mortem blood and vitreous humor samples were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate in an alkaline environment (pH = 9), followed by a detailed toxicological analysis utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through the application of full scan mode, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), and product ion scan mode, the presence of modafinil was excluded in diphenhydramine-positive biological matrices (blood and vitreous humor).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the analysis of benzhydryl compounds, particular caution should be exercised, with each case verified by comparison with a certified analytical standard, and, where possible, by detecting the metabolites of these compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Beware of misattributing 'modafinil' in diphenhydramine-positive cases.\",\"authors\":\"Karolina Nowak, Marcin Zawadzki, Paweł Szpot\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11419-025-00716-5\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diphenhydramine is an antihistaminic agent available in numerous over-the-counter preparations, while modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting agent, available only by prescription, but also used recreationally, when purchased from the black market. Structurally, both substances belong to the class of so-called benzhydryl compounds, which can complicate their proper differentiation. The authors point out the possibility of misattributing modafinil in diphenhydramine-positive cases due to the likely coelution of nordiphenhydramine and modafinil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Post-mortem blood and vitreous humor samples were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate in an alkaline environment (pH = 9), followed by a detailed toxicological analysis utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through the application of full scan mode, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), and product ion scan mode, the presence of modafinil was excluded in diphenhydramine-positive biological matrices (blood and vitreous humor).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the analysis of benzhydryl compounds, particular caution should be exercised, with each case verified by comparison with a certified analytical standard, and, where possible, by detecting the metabolites of these compounds.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12329,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Forensic Toxicology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-03-31\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Forensic Toxicology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-025-00716-5\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"TOXICOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Forensic Toxicology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-025-00716-5","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"TOXICOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Beware of misattributing 'modafinil' in diphenhydramine-positive cases.
Purpose: Diphenhydramine is an antihistaminic agent available in numerous over-the-counter preparations, while modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting agent, available only by prescription, but also used recreationally, when purchased from the black market. Structurally, both substances belong to the class of so-called benzhydryl compounds, which can complicate their proper differentiation. The authors point out the possibility of misattributing modafinil in diphenhydramine-positive cases due to the likely coelution of nordiphenhydramine and modafinil.
Methods: Post-mortem blood and vitreous humor samples were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate in an alkaline environment (pH = 9), followed by a detailed toxicological analysis utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry.
Results: Through the application of full scan mode, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), and product ion scan mode, the presence of modafinil was excluded in diphenhydramine-positive biological matrices (blood and vitreous humor).
Conclusions: In the analysis of benzhydryl compounds, particular caution should be exercised, with each case verified by comparison with a certified analytical standard, and, where possible, by detecting the metabolites of these compounds.
期刊介绍：
The journal Forensic Toxicology provides an international forum for publication of studies on toxic substances, drugs of abuse, doping agents, chemical warfare agents, and their metabolisms and analyses, which are related to laws and ethics. It includes original articles, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications, and case reports. Although a major focus of the journal is on the development or improvement of analytical methods for the above-mentioned chemicals in human matrices, appropriate studies with animal experiments are also published.
Forensic Toxicology is the official publication of the Japanese Association of Forensic Toxicology (JAFT) and is the continuation of the Japanese Journal of Forensic Toxicology (ISSN 0915-9606).
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