雌性和雄性恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)伤害和攻击的社会生态驱动因素。

IF 1.9 2区 生物学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-28 DOI:10.1007/s00265-025-03587-3
Melissa A Pavez-Fox, Erin R Siracusa, Samuel Ellis, Clare M Kimock, Nahiri Rivera-Barreto, Josue E Negron-Del Valle, Daniel Phillips, Angelina Ruiz-Lambides, Noah Snyder-Mackler, James P Higham, Delphine De Moor, Lauren J N Brent
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要:争夺食物和配偶等资源是群体生活的主要成本之一。两个社会生态因素被认为驱动竞争的强度是群体规模和性别比例。然而,将这些因素与身体攻击和伤害联系起来的经验证据很少。在这里,我们利用了自由放养的雌性和雄性恒河猴10年的数据来测试群体规模和成年性别比例是否预测了性间和性内攻击的风险,以及伤害风险。我们发现了一个最佳群体规模的证据,在这个规模下,群体内攻击的风险对男女都是最小的。尽管雄性之间的攻击行为在中等规模的群体中最低,但在较小的群体中,雄性的受伤风险更高,这表明群体内的攻击可能不是雄性受伤的主要原因。此外,我们发现性别比例影响攻击性,但不影响伤害风险。具体来说,雌性对其他雌性的攻击性在生育季节会增强,因为群体中可用的雄性较少,这表明要么是雌性争夺雄性朋友,要么是由于哺乳的能量消耗而加剧了雌性之间的竞争。雌性偏向组在出生季节和雄性偏向组在交配季节对雌性的攻击性更高,这可能分别反映了雄性与雌性争夺觅食机会和雄性对雌性的胁迫。总之,这些发现提供了关于灵长类动物社会组织的关键方面的适应性成本(即伤害风险)的见解。意义说明:虽然理论表明群体规模和性别比例影响竞争,但将这些因素与攻击和受伤率联系起来的研究有限。通过对群体生活灵长类动物的人口统计、攻击和伤害的长期数据分析,我们发现在中等群体规模下,雄性和雌性都较少经历攻击。然而,在较小的群体中,男性面临更高的受伤风险。虽然性别比不能预测伤害风险,但它确实影响了性内和性间的攻击,其模式随繁殖季节而变化。总的来说,我们的研究结果提供了关于竞争如何在社会组织方面塑造内部和两性动态的见解。补充信息:在线版本包含补充资料,可在10.1007/s00265-025-03587-3获得。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Socioecological drivers of injuries and aggression in female and male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Abstract: Competition over access to resources, such as food and mates, is one of the major costs associated with group living. Two socioecological factors believed to drive the intensity of competition are group size and sex ratio. However, empirical evidence linking these factors to physical aggression and injuries is scarce. Here, we leveraged 10 years of data from free-ranging female and male rhesus macaques to test whether group size and adult sex ratio predicted the risk of inter and intrasexual aggression, as well as injury risk. We found evidence for an optimal group size at which the risk of intragroup aggression was minimized for both sexes. Despite male-male aggression being lowest in mid-sized groups, males in smaller groups experienced higher injury risk, suggesting within-group aggression might not be the main cause of male injury. Additionally, we found that sex ratio influenced aggression, but not injury risk. Specifically, female aggression toward other females was heightened during the birth season when groups had fewer available males, suggesting either female competition for male friends or exacerbated female-female competition due to the energetic costs of lactation. Male aggression towards females was higher in female-biased groups during the birth season and in male-biased groups during the mating season, which could reflect male competition with females over feeding opportunities and male coercion of females, respectively. Together, these findings provide insights into fitness costs (i.e., injury risk) of inter and intrasexual competition in primates in relation to key aspects of social organization.

Significance statement: While theory suggests that group size and sex ratio influence competition, studies linking these factors to aggression and injury rates are limited. Using long-term data on demography, aggression, and injury from a group-living primate, we show that both males and females experience aggression less often at intermediate group sizes. However, males in smaller groups faced higher injury risks. Although sex ratio did not predict injury risk, it did influence intra- and intersexual aggression, with patterns varying by reproductive season. Overall, our findings provide insights into how competition shapes intra and intersexual dynamics in relation to aspects of social organization.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00265-025-03587-3.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
8.70%
发文量
146
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes reviews, original contributions and commentaries dealing with quantitative empirical and theoretical studies in the analysis of animal behavior at the level of the individual, group, population, community, and species.
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