亚马逊河最大支流的径流大坝改变了浮游生物群落的多样性格局，造成了物种的损失

IF 2.8 2区生物学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Freshwater Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI:10.1111/fwb.70025

Alfonso Pineda, Óscar Peláez, Luiz Felipe Machado Velho, Priscilla de Carvalho, Luzia C. Rodrigues

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引用次数: 0

摘要

奔流坝通常被认为比蓄水坝对环境的破坏更小，但关于其对区域生物多样性影响的信息却很少。特别是，RORs对物种共性的影响在很大程度上是未知的。在这项研究中，我们评估了ROR对亚马逊河最大支流浮游植物和浮游动物生物多样性的影响。研究了ROR对环境异质性、物种丰富度和beta多样性的影响，并考察了这些变化是否随物种共性而变化。我们分析了不同筑坝阶段物种组成和环境异质性的变化，并评估了整个群落（q0）、较丰富物种（q2）和典型物种（q1 -一个没有稀有和较丰富物种的群落）物种丰富度的变化。我们还将每个阶段记录的总多样性（γ）分解为其局部多样性（α）、空间多样性（β1）和时间多样性（β2）和季节多样性（β 3）。然后，我们评估了这些组件的贡献是否随q0， q1和q2的筑坝而变化。筑坝后，两群落的环境异质性和丰富度均有所下降（考虑到整个群落）。浮游植物的β多样性减少，浮游动物的β多样性增加。典型和丰富的物种在筑坝后γ组分的贡献变化更为明显。对浮游植物来说，β1和β3的重要性降低，而α的重要性增加。对于浮游动物，β1和β3增加，α降低。我们发现，分析物种的共性可能有助于理解ROR的影响。一方面，如果研究人员的兴趣是根据物种数量来评估群落的反应，他们可以考虑整个群落。另一方面，如果兴趣是评价时空格局的变化，典型和更丰富的物种似乎比整个群落更敏感。我们的研究结果表明，在筑坝之后，多样性模式和物种损失发生了变化，这表明RORs并不像预期的那样友好，至少对浮游生物来说是这样。我们的研究结果有助于对现有水坝和未来几年将在亚马逊地区建造的水坝进行评估和监测策略。

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A Run-of-River Mega-Dam in the Largest Amazon Tributary Changed the Diversity Pattern of Planktonic Communities and Caused the Loss of Species

Run-of-river dams (RORs) are often considered less environmentally damaging than storage dams, but information on their impact on regional biodiversity is scarce. In particular, the effects of RORs on species commonness are largely unknown. In this study, we assessed the impacts of ROR on the biodiversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the largest tributary of the Amazon River. We investigated the effects of the ROR on changes in environmental heterogeneity, species richness and beta diversity and examined whether these changes varied with species commonness.
We examined the shift in species composition and environmental heterogeneity between damming phases and assessed changes in species richness for the whole community (q0), more abundant species (q2) and typical species (q1—a community without rare and more abundant species). We also decomposed the total diversity (γ) registered at each phase into its local diversity (α) and its spatial (β1—variation among sites) and temporal (β2—variation between samplings and β3—variation between seasons) components. We then evaluated whether the contributions of these components varied with damming for q0, q1 and q2.
After damming, the environmental heterogeneity and the richness of both communities decreased (considering the whole community). Beta diversity decreased for phytoplankton and increased for zooplankton. Changes in the contribution of γ components after damming were more evident for typical and more abundant species. For phytoplankton, β1 and β3 decreased while the importance of α increased. For zooplankton, while β1 and β3 increased, α decreased.
We showed that analysing the commonness of species could be useful for understanding the impact of ROR. On the one hand, if the interest is in evaluating the response of communities in terms of species number, researchers could consider the whole community. On the other hand, if the interest is in evaluating changes in spatial and temporal patterns, typical and more abundant species appear to be more sensitive than the whole community.
Our findings showed changes in diversity patterns and species loss after damming, suggesting that RORs are not as friendly as expected, at least for plankton. Our findings contribute to the evaluation and monitoring strategies for existing dams and those that will be built in the Amazon region in coming years.

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来源期刊

Freshwater Biology 生物-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

3.70%

发文量

162

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Freshwater Biology publishes papers on all aspects of the ecology of inland waters, including rivers and lakes, ground waters, flood plains and other freshwater wetlands. We include studies of micro-organisms, algae, macrophytes, invertebrates, fish and other vertebrates, as well as those concerning whole systems and related physical and chemical aspects of the environment, provided that they have clear biological relevance. Studies may focus at any level in the ecological hierarchy from physiological ecology and animal behaviour, through population dynamics and evolutionary genetics, to community interactions, biogeography and ecosystem functioning. They may also be at any scale: from microhabitat to landscape, and continental to global. Preference is given to research, whether meta-analytical, experimental, theoretical or descriptive, highlighting causal (ecological) mechanisms from which clearly stated hypotheses are derived. Manuscripts with an experimental or conceptual flavour are particularly welcome, as are those or which integrate laboratory and field work, and studies from less well researched areas of the world. Priority is given to submissions that are likely to interest a wide range of readers. We encourage submission of papers well grounded in ecological theory that deal with issues related to the conservation and management of inland waters. Papers interpreting fundamental research in a way that makes clear its applied, strategic or socio-economic relevance are also welcome. Review articles (FRESHWATER BIOLOGY REVIEWS) and discussion papers (OPINION) are also invited: these enable authors to publish high-quality material outside the constraints of standard research papers.