Toward highly durable aqueous zinc ion batteries: a review of MOFs/MOF-derived cathode materials

The key to developing aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) lies in designing advanced cathodes that match well with the zinc anode. Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based materials have emerged as a focal point in research due to their unique benefits in energy storage. However, researchers lack clear guidance on the use of MOFs and their derived materials as AZIBs electrode materials, as well as a systematic exploration of their Zn²⁺ storage mechanisms. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in the research of pristine MOFs and their derivatives for high-performance AZIBs. Moreover, we provide a detailed understanding of the energy storage mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives regarding MOFs and their derivatives for next-generation aqueous energy devices. This review provides insights into innovations in MOF-based cathode materials and inspiration for the development of future efficient energy storage and conversion technologies.