Modeling the future: Mathematical insights for smart grid 3.0

The synergistic integration of Metaverse, Digital Twin (DT), and Blockchain technologies is redefining the framework of smart grids (SGs) and establishing the foundation for the revolutionary phase of Smart Grid 3.0 (SG 3.0). This advancement offers unique opportunity to create robust convergence models that include the Metaverse, Digital Twins, and Blockchain, allowing an authentic depiction of the SG 3.0 environment in the complex interaction between customers and utilities. This advanced convergence model functions as an exact platform for technical experts, attracting growing interest from both academic and industrial sectors. In this swiftly advancing domain, it is essential to tackle the task of adaptively modifying the SG 3.0 architecture in response to multiple disruptions. The choice of an appropriate convergence model for specific type of disruptions is a critical research concern. Numerous convergence models have been developed in recent literature to address these problems. However, the extensive variety and characteristics of these mathematical models complicate the assessment of their realism and compliance with the SG 3.0 framework. This research presents an innovative mathematical modeling strategy to address these challenges, facilitating the evolution of the SG framework into SG 3.0. Our methodology integrates Metaverse, Digital Twin, and Blockchain technologies, providing a distinctive viewpoint that surpasses existing frameworks in the literature. Finally, this study addresses the essential requirement for clarity on the realism and attributes of mathematical models tailored for SG 3.0, hence pioneering new avenues and advancing knowledge and innovation in the growth of Smart Grids.