[The inhibition effect of SOCS1 gene on the growth of human myelodysplastic syndrome cells and its potential mechanisms].

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) on the proliferation and apoptosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cells SKM-1 and its potential mechanisms. Methods SOCS1 was overexpressed in SKM-1 cells by transfection with exogenous SOCS1-overexpressing plasmid. Cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed with CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of proteins related to the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK2/STAT) signaling pathway. Additionally, a NOD/SCID mouse model of MDS was established to record mouse body weight and survival time, assessing the impact of the SOCS1 gene on the growth of SKM-1 cells in vivo. Results Transfection of the SOCS1-overexpressing plasmid significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of SOCS1 in the MDS cell line SKM-1. Overexpression of SOCS1 remarkably reduced cell viability, inhibited cell proliferation, and promoted apoptosis of SKM-1 cells, which also decreased the expression of phosphorylated-JAK2 (p-JAK2), phosphorylated-STAT3 (p-STAT3), and p-STAT5 proteins. Furthermore, in vivo experiment results showed that the body weight and survival time of mice in the SOCS1 overexpression group were significantly better than those in the MDS model group, and the number of CD45⁺ SKM-1 cells in the peripheral blood was significantly lower than that in the MDS model group, indicating that SOCS1 overexpression could inhibit the activity of SKM-1 cells in mice. Western blot results verified the protein expression level of SOCS1 in the bone marrow of mice in the SOCS1 overexpression group was significantly higher than that in the MDS model group, while the protein expression levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, and p-STAT5 were significantly lower than those in the MDS model group. Conclusion SOCS1 inhibits the proliferation of MDS cell line SKM-1 and promotes its apoptosis by negatively regulating the JAK2/STAT signaling pathway, making it a potential therapeutic target for myelodysplastic syndromes.