On attack detection and identification for the cyber–physical system using lifted system model

Motivated by the safety and security issues related to cyber–physical systems with potentially multi-rate, delayed, and nonuniformly sampled measurements, we investigate the attack detection and identification using the lifted system model in this paper. Attack detectability and identifiability based on the lifted system model are formally defined and rigorously characterized in a novel approach. The method of checking detectability is discussed, and a residual design problem for attack detection is formulated in a general way. For attack identification, we define and characterize it by generalizing the concept of mode discernibility for switched systems, and a method for identifying the attack is discussed based on the theoretical analysis. An illustrative example of an unmanned aircraft system is provided to validate the main results.