Lakshmi Krishna Menon, Ania Wisniak, Simon Regard, Silvia Stringhini, Idris Guessous, Jean-François Balavoine, Omar Kherad, The SEROCoV-Work Study Group
{"title":"日内瓦养老院工作人员和居民COVID-19的非药物干预措施：一项混合定性和定量研究","authors":"Lakshmi Krishna Menon, Ania Wisniak, Simon Regard, Silvia Stringhini, Idris Guessous, Jean-François Balavoine, Omar Kherad, The SEROCoV-Work Study Group","doi":"10.3390/epidemiologia6010014","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to examine the impact of varying levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 transmission in nursing homes during the first wave of the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The primary aim involved exploring qualitative insights from staff and management regarding the implementation of NPIs. The secondary aim was to determine the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases among residents. Incident rate ratios (IRRs) were the calculated levels of NPI restrictiveness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a mixed methodology to identify factors that might have affected COVID-19 expansion in nursing homes in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. For the qualitative component, we interviewed the Attending Physicians and/or Director of each nursing home. In the quantitative component, we calculated incident rate ratios (IRRs) for infection between the three levels of COVID-19-related measures taken in these nursing homes, and the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases in their resident population. This study was conducted in 12 nursing homes located in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, between 1 March 2020, and 1 June 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most nursing homes mandated NPIs for their staff and residents during the first wave of COVID-19. We found an equal distribution of maximally (<i>n</i> = 4), moderately (<i>n</i> = 4), and minimally (<i>n</i> = 4) restrictive NPIs for nursing home workers and residents. The extent of NPIs implemented was not shown to be significantly associated with the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases among residents (maximally restrictive IRR = 3.90, 95%CI 0.82-45.54, <i>p</i> = 0.184; moderately restrictive IRR = 3.55, 95%CI 0.75-41.42, <i>p</i> = 0.212; minimally restrictive IRR = reference).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nursing homes in our study showed high variability in which NPIs, and to what extent, they implemented, with no significant relationship between the restrictiveness of NPIs and COVID-19 incidence among nursing home residents. This suggests that other factors influence the transmission of COVID-19 in these settings. Future research should explore additional determinants and the balance between strict NPIs and the overall well-being of residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":72944,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940952/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 in Workers and Residents of Nursing Homes in Geneva: A Mixed Qualitative and Quantitative Study.\",\"authors\":\"Lakshmi Krishna Menon, Ania Wisniak, Simon Regard, Silvia Stringhini, Idris Guessous, Jean-François Balavoine, Omar Kherad, The SEROCoV-Work Study Group\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/epidemiologia6010014\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>The objective of this study was to examine the impact of varying levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 transmission in nursing homes during the first wave of the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The primary aim involved exploring qualitative insights from staff and management regarding the implementation of NPIs. The secondary aim was to determine the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases among residents. Incident rate ratios (IRRs) were the calculated levels of NPI restrictiveness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a mixed methodology to identify factors that might have affected COVID-19 expansion in nursing homes in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. For the qualitative component, we interviewed the Attending Physicians and/or Director of each nursing home. In the quantitative component, we calculated incident rate ratios (IRRs) for infection between the three levels of COVID-19-related measures taken in these nursing homes, and the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases in their resident population. This study was conducted in 12 nursing homes located in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, between 1 March 2020, and 1 June 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most nursing homes mandated NPIs for their staff and residents during the first wave of COVID-19. We found an equal distribution of maximally (<i>n</i> = 4), moderately (<i>n</i> = 4), and minimally (<i>n</i> = 4) restrictive NPIs for nursing home workers and residents. The extent of NPIs implemented was not shown to be significantly associated with the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases among residents (maximally restrictive IRR = 3.90, 95%CI 0.82-45.54, <i>p</i> = 0.184; moderately restrictive IRR = 3.55, 95%CI 0.75-41.42, <i>p</i> = 0.212; minimally restrictive IRR = reference).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nursing homes in our study showed high variability in which NPIs, and to what extent, they implemented, with no significant relationship between the restrictiveness of NPIs and COVID-19 incidence among nursing home residents. This suggests that other factors influence the transmission of COVID-19 in these settings. Future research should explore additional determinants and the balance between strict NPIs and the overall well-being of residents.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":72944,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)\",\"volume\":\"6 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-03-11\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940952/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia6010014\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Epidemiolgia (Basel, Switzerland)","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia6010014","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 in Workers and Residents of Nursing Homes in Geneva: A Mixed Qualitative and Quantitative Study.
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of varying levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 transmission in nursing homes during the first wave of the pandemic.
Background/objectives: The primary aim involved exploring qualitative insights from staff and management regarding the implementation of NPIs. The secondary aim was to determine the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases among residents. Incident rate ratios (IRRs) were the calculated levels of NPI restrictiveness.
Methods: We used a mixed methodology to identify factors that might have affected COVID-19 expansion in nursing homes in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. For the qualitative component, we interviewed the Attending Physicians and/or Director of each nursing home. In the quantitative component, we calculated incident rate ratios (IRRs) for infection between the three levels of COVID-19-related measures taken in these nursing homes, and the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases in their resident population. This study was conducted in 12 nursing homes located in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, between 1 March 2020, and 1 June 2020.
Results: Most nursing homes mandated NPIs for their staff and residents during the first wave of COVID-19. We found an equal distribution of maximally (n = 4), moderately (n = 4), and minimally (n = 4) restrictive NPIs for nursing home workers and residents. The extent of NPIs implemented was not shown to be significantly associated with the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases among residents (maximally restrictive IRR = 3.90, 95%CI 0.82-45.54, p = 0.184; moderately restrictive IRR = 3.55, 95%CI 0.75-41.42, p = 0.212; minimally restrictive IRR = reference).
Conclusions: Nursing homes in our study showed high variability in which NPIs, and to what extent, they implemented, with no significant relationship between the restrictiveness of NPIs and COVID-19 incidence among nursing home residents. This suggests that other factors influence the transmission of COVID-19 in these settings. Future research should explore additional determinants and the balance between strict NPIs and the overall well-being of residents.
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