Genetic Variations in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Their Impact on Preeclampsia: Insights into Risk, Severity, and Pregnancy Outcomes.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and placental development, which are vital for a healthy pregnancy. Preeclampsia (PE), a hypertension condition that can cause major difficulties for both the mother and the fetus, has been linked to VEGF gene polymorphisms in several studies. PE susceptibility has been associated with several VEGF polymorphisms, including VEGF -2578C/A, -634G/C, +936C/T, and +405G/C, with differing outcomes in various ethnicities. Some polymorphisms, like VEGF -2578C/A, are linked to the disease's progression, whereas others, like VEGF +405G/C, may protect severe PE. The findings are still uncertain, though, with some studies reporting noteworthy outcomes and others finding no correlation. Further complicating our knowledge of VEGF's role in PE is the possibility that the interaction between maternal and fetal VEGF polymorphisms may affect PE risk. Studies on environmental variables and placental and fetal VEGF gene polymorphisms point to a complicated interaction in influencing the severity and susceptibility of PE. The precise genetic processes behind PE are still unknown, despite the mounting evidence, necessitating additional research to confirm possible biomarkers and treatment targets. In at-risk pregnancies, a better understanding of the connection between VEGF polymorphisms and PE may help with risk assessment and management techniques.