摘要
由核 uqcrfs1 基因编码的 Rieske 蛋白是细胞色素 bc1 复合物的一个重要亚基，参与电子传递。尽管uqcrfs1基因具有重要功能，但对其结构和进化的研究却十分有限。尤其是缺乏有关uqcrfs1在物种演化和适应过程中的精细演化的数据。东地中海水蛙（Pelophylax 属）是在分子水平上研究此类进化过程的理想模型，因为它们由几个具有不同遗传和生物分化程度的密切相关品系组成。基于来自 106 个种群（包括地中海蛙类以及欧洲和中亚蛙类）的 137 种蛙类的综合序列数据，绘制了 uqcrfs1 等位基因的空间分布图，并分析了它们的系谱关系。此外，还利用 Pelophylax lessonae 的基因组和转录组数据研究了该基因的结构。uqcrfs1基因由两个外显子组成。编码序列及其相应的蛋白质序列长度分别为 807 个核苷酸和 268 个氨基酸。该基因的 GC 含量和 G/C 末端密码子含量分别约为 59.9% 和 75.37%。uqcrfs1基因的核心启动子类型与广泛表达的看家基因相似，在调控5'区有富含GC的区块，并含有许多分散的保守转录启动基序。对 uqcrfs1 序列的系谱分析显示，东地中海地区有 10 个等位基因群。虽然uqcrfs1基因树中一些等位基因群的位置和亚群的数量有些不同，但它们在很大程度上支持了之前核和线粒体系谱研究的结果。因此，该基因是确定不同水蛙物种和品系（包括杂交种）起源的有效标记。
The Rieske protein, encoded by the nuclear uqcrfs1 gene, is an essential subunit of the cytochrome bc1 complex involved in electron transfer. Despite its vital function, studies on the structure and evolution of the uqcrfs1 gene are limited. In particular, data on the fine-scale evolution of the uqcrfs1 in the context of speciation and adaptation are lacking. Eastern Mediterranean water frogs (genus Pelophylax) are an ideal model for studying such evolutionary processes at the molecular level, as they comprise several closely related lineages with different degrees of genetic and organismal divergence. Based on comprehensive sequence data of 137 frogs from 106 populations, including Mediterranean frogs as well as frogs from Europe and Central Asia, the spatial distribution of uqcrfs1 alleles was mapped and their genealogical relationships analyzed. In addition, the structure of the gene was investigated using genomic and transcriptomic data from Pelophylax lessonae. The uqcrfs1 gene consists of two exons. The length of coding sequence and its corresponding protein sequence is 807 nucleotides and 268 amino acids, respectively. The GC content and the G/C-ending codons of the gene are about 59.9% and 75.37%. The uqcrfs1 gene has a core promoter type similar to that of widely expressed housekeeping genes, with GC-rich blocks in the regulatory 5’ region, and contains many dispersed conserved motifs for transcription initiation. Genealogical analysis of the uqcrfs1 sequences revealed 10 allelic groups in the Eastern Mediterranean region. While the position of some allelic groups and the number of subgroups in the uqcrfs1 gene tree are somewhat different, they largely support the results of previous nuclear and mitochondrial genealogical studies. This gene is therefore an effective marker for determining the origin of different water frog species and lineages, including hybrids.
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