A halo effect measurement for transparent micro-LED display under simulation

Halo effects, characterized by luminous rings or diffuse light surrounding bright objects on a screen, are influenced by factors such as display technology, ambient lighting conditions, and the human visual system. These effects can degrade image quality, reduce contrast, and impair the accuracy of visual tasks, making them a critical area of investigation in both academia and industry. Current halo measurement methods mainly focus on the mini-LED partition backlit liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and are nearly all physical-based, limiting their application and generalization ability. In this paper, we propose a simulation-based halo measurement framework, which offers a more flexible evaluation scheme with scene-fused halo generation. Specifically, we first simulate the four existing categories of halo manifestation externally through code, i.e., regular ring-shaped halo, rectangular halo, irregular content-dependent halo, and localized surrounding halo. Then, we build a 3D indoor environment to simulate the laboratory measurement environment, where a micro-LED-based display with variable parameters is taken as the evaluation object. To demonstrate the usefulness of this new and unique halo measurement resource, we conduct both subjective and objective experiments. The high subjective and objective consistency achieved by a simple deep learning-based image quality assessment (IQA) model demonstrates its utility that broadens the scene limits of display design.