产品配方和摩擦时间影响泡沫洗手液对包膜和非包膜病毒替代品的灭活作用。

IF 3.9 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Francis Torko, Kristen E Gibson
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引用次数: 0

摘要

有效的手卫生,如洗手和使用洗手液,对于减少传染病通过手传播至关重要。洗手的功效已被充分证明;然而,人们对泡沫洗手液功效的了解相对较少,泡沫洗手液被认为是用肥皂和水洗手的有效替代品。美国疾病控制与预防中心和世界卫生组织都建议在手没有明显脏或油腻的情况下使用洗手液。本研究分别以噬菌体phi6 (Φ6)和噬菌体MS2为代物,检测了五种市售泡沫洗手液(四种酒精基和一种非酒精基)对包膜病毒和非包膜病毒的功效。将MS2和Φ6 (8 log PFU/mL)的混合物接种在手上,暴露于3或6 mL洗手液中,然后双手手掌表面摩擦10 s或直到干燥。结果显示,病毒替代品的对数值显著降低(P≤0.05),与MS2相比,Φ6在所有因素中均表现出更高的易感性,对数值分别降低了2.83±1.98和0.50±0.53。虽然剂量对对数降低无显著影响(P = 0.31),但摩擦时间对噬菌体失活有显著影响(P≤0.05)。与典型的10 s搓手时间(0.65±0.75)相比,搓手至干时的对数降低率(2.69±2.06)更高。这项研究表明,市售泡沫洗手液的功效取决于摩擦时间和整体产品配方,而不仅仅是有效成分的浓度。人的手是病毒性疾病传播的关键因素,适当的手部卫生被认为是防止此类疾病传播的黄金标准。本研究考察了一种手部卫生技术的有效性,即使用基于泡沫的洗手液,对手部包膜和非包膜病毒替代品的灭活效果。病毒类型、摩擦时间、使用的产品体积和产品配方等因素会显著影响洗手液的效果。为了评估这些影响,我们测试了酒精和非酒精泡沫洗手液配方的不同摩擦时间和产品体积,每种配方都有不同的有效成分浓度和非活性成分。这项研究是在人的手掌表面进行的,以真实地模拟现实世界的条件,为未来的洗手液实践提供有价值的证据,旨在最大限度地减少手上的传染性病毒病原体。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Product formulation and rubbing time impact the inactivation of enveloped and non-enveloped virus surrogates by foam-based hand sanitizers.

Effective hand hygiene, such as hand washing and hand sanitizer use, is crucial in reducing infectious disease transmission via the hands. The efficacy of hand washing has been well-documented; however, relatively less is known regarding foam-based hand sanitizer efficacy, which is considered an effective alternative to washing hands with soap and water. Hand sanitizers are recommended by both the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization when the hands are not visibly dirty or greasy. This study examined the efficacy of five commercially available foam hand sanitizers-four alcohol-based and one non-alcohol-based-against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses using bacteriophage phi6 (Φ6) and bacteriophage MS2 as surrogates, respectively. A cocktail of MS2 and Φ6 (8 log PFU/mL) was inoculated on the hands and exposed to 3 or 6 mL of hand sanitizer product followed by rubbing the palmar surface of the hands together for 10 s or until dry. The results showed significant log reduction among the virus surrogates (P ≤ 0.05), with Φ6 consistently showing higher susceptibility across all factors compared with MS2 with log reductions of 2.83 ± 1.98 and 0.50 ± 0.53 log reduction, respectively. Although dosing volume did not significantly impact log reduction (P = 0.31), rubbing time significantly affected bacteriophage inactivation (P ≤ 0.05). Higher log reduction was observed when hands were rubbed until dry (2.69 ± 2.06), compared with the typical 10 s rubbing time (0.65 ± 0.75). This study revealed that the efficacy of commercially available foam hand sanitizers depends on rubbing time and overall product formulation, rather than exclusively on active ingredient concentration.IMPORTANCEHuman hands are a key factor in the transmission of viral diseases, and proper hand hygiene is regarded as the gold standard against the spread of such diseases. This study examined the effectiveness of a hand hygiene technique, that is, the application of foam-based hand sanitizers, against the inactivation of enveloped and non-enveloped virus surrogates on the hands. Factors such as virus type, rubbing time, volume of product used, and product formulation can significantly influence the efficacy of hand sanitizers. To assess these effects, we tested different rubbing times and product volumes across alcohol- and non-alcohol-based, foam hand sanitizer formulations, each with varying active ingredient concentrations and inactive ingredients. The study was performed on the palmar surface of human hands to realistically simulate real-world conditions, providing valuable evidence to inform future hand sanitizer practices aimed at maximizing the reduction of infectious viral pathogens on the hands.

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来源期刊
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 生物-生物工程与应用微生物
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
2.30%
发文量
730
审稿时长
1.9 months
期刊介绍: Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AEM) publishes papers that make significant contributions to (a) applied microbiology, including biotechnology, protein engineering, bioremediation, and food microbiology, (b) microbial ecology, including environmental, organismic, and genomic microbiology, and (c) interdisciplinary microbiology, including invertebrate microbiology, plant microbiology, aquatic microbiology, and geomicrobiology.
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