The mutual effects of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and cancer-associated fibroblasts: A focus on cancer biology

The tumor microenvironment (TME) 's primary constituents that promote cancer development are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Metabolic remodeling has been shown to control CAF activity, particularly aberrant lipid metabolism. SCD1 can be thought of as the primary enzyme controlling the fluidity of lipid bilayers by gradually converting saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, its crucial function in the onset and spread of cancer is well acknowledged. Even with the increasing amount of research on changes in lipid metabolism, this problem remains a relatively understudied aspect of cancer research. Blocking several fatty acid synthesis-related enzymes highly expressed in cancerous cells inhibits cell division and encourages apoptosis. This is the situation with SCD1, whose overexpression has been linked to several changed tumors and cells. Both genetic and pharmacological silencing of SCD1 in cancer cells prevents glucose-mediated lipogenesis and tumor cell growth. However, its role in CAFs, hence, cancer biology, has been less studied. This study aimed to review the role of SCD1 in CAF biology, shedding light on their function in cancer cell biology.