All-in-one perovskite memristor with tunable photoresponsivity

Photoelectric memristors have shown great potential for future machine visions, via integrating sensing, memory, and computing (namely “all-in-one”) functions in a single device. However, their hard-to-tune photoresponse behavior necessitates extra function modules for signal encoding and modality conversion, impeding such integration. Here, we report an all-in-one memristor with Cs₂AgBiBr₆ perovskite, where the Br vacancy doping-endowed tunable energy band enables tunable photoresponsivity (TPR) behavior. As a result, the memristor showed a large tunable ratio of 35.9 dB, while its photoresponsivity presented a maximum of 2.7 × 10³ mA W⁻¹ and a long-term memory behavior with over 10⁴ s, making it suitable for realizing all-in-one processing tasks. By mapping the algorithm parameters onto the photoresponsivity, we successfully performed both recognition and processing tasks based on the TPR memristor array. Remarkably, compared with conventional complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor counterparts, our demonstrations provided comparable performance but had ~133-fold and ~299-fold reductions in energy consumption, respectively. Our work could facilitate the development of all-in-one smart devices for next-generation machine visions.