Delay-cost computation offloading for on-board emergency tasks in LEO Satellite Edge Computing networks

The increasing computational capabilities of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations have significantly augmented their autonomy and operational flexibility. Complex onboard tasks such as observation, sensing, and situational awareness can be processed and executed directly on the Satellite Edge Computing (SEC) networks. Due to the time-varying characteristics of inter-satellite links and the uncertainty in the load of edge satellites, efficient offloading of on-board tasks presents significant challenges. We introduce an on-board distributed task offloading method for LEO satellite tasks in emergency to enhance service quality. We initially design a dynamic offloading scheme, in which data-source satellites can transmit tasks to edge nodes. Then, we formulate the multi-hop satellite network dynamic offloading (MSNDO) problem to minimize system delay and maximize success ratio of time-sensitive tasks under multiple constraints. Finally, we propose a distributed deep reinforcement learning algorithm that allows individual satellites to design offloading strategies without knowing the decision-making patterns of other satellites. Simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm can utilize the edge satellite processing capabilities more efficiently and significantly improve the performance of the SEC system.