Aileen Murphy, Ann Kirby, Federica De Blasio, Megan McCarthy, Frances Shiely, Josephine Hegarty, Martin P Davoren, Janas M Harrington, Gillian W Shorter, David Murphy, Billy O'Mahony, Eoghan Cooke, Michael J Rovito, Steve Robertson, Serena FitzGerald, Alan O Connor, Mícheál O Riordan, Mohamad M Saab
{"title":"提高男性睾丸疾病意识（E-MAT）可行性试验的成本效益分析：提高男性运动员睾丸知识和自我检查的虚拟现实体验","authors":"Aileen Murphy, Ann Kirby, Federica De Blasio, Megan McCarthy, Frances Shiely, Josephine Hegarty, Martin P Davoren, Janas M Harrington, Gillian W Shorter, David Murphy, Billy O'Mahony, Eoghan Cooke, Michael J Rovito, Steve Robertson, Serena FitzGerald, Alan O Connor, Mícheál O Riordan, Mohamad M Saab","doi":"10.1007/s41669-025-00571-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Virtual reality (VR) is potentially effective in raising awareness of testicular diseases, promoting self-examination and early help-seeking among men. This paper presents an early economic evaluation exploring the potential cost-effectiveness of Enhancing Men's Awareness of Testicular diseases (E-MAT)<sub>VR</sub>, a VR interactive experience compared with E-MAT<sub>E</sub>, electronic information, among male athletes Results from this economic evaluation will inform and support the design of a future randomized controlled trial (RCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Results from an Irish feasibility trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05146466) with 74 participants conducted in 2022 were employed. Benefits were measured in monetary units whereby the contingent valuation method was used to elicit participants' preferences through willingness-to-pay measures. A micro-cost analysis estimated the costs of the intervention and comparator and subsequent resource use. The costs and benefits of E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> and E-MAT<sub>E</sub> were compared to determine the net benefit. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Base case analysis suggests participants were willing to pay €21.88 for E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> and €11.16 for E-MAT<sub>E</sub>. The total cost of E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> was €104.09 and of E-MAT<sub>E</sub> was €22.75 per participant. These estimates include capital and delivery costs, of which delivery costs were €25.02 and €22.40 for E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> and E-MAT<sub>E</sub>, respectively. A negative net benefit indicates E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> was not cost-beneficial as delivered in the feasibility trial. Scenario analyses demonstrated reducing costs via delivery modifications increased the probability of E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> being considered cost-effective. The cost-benefit analysis was feasible, response rates were acceptable, and willingness-to-pay estimates were stable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Economic evaluations alongside feasibility trials enable early economic evaluations, informing the design and conduct of a future RCT. E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> had higher expected benefits (WTP) and costs than E-MAT<sub>E</sub>, yielding a negative net benefit. Given the high cost of digital health interventions, investigating their cost-effectiveness early is important to inform and optimize resource allocation decisions. We present a series of scenarios to demonstrate how delivery modifications to reduce costs could improve the likelihood of E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> being considered cost-effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":19770,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Enhancing Men's Awareness of Testicular diseases (E-MAT) Feasibility Trial: A Virtual Reality Experience to Increase Testicular Knowledge and Self-Examination among Male Athletes.\",\"authors\":\"Aileen Murphy, Ann Kirby, Federica De Blasio, Megan McCarthy, Frances Shiely, Josephine Hegarty, Martin P Davoren, Janas M Harrington, Gillian W Shorter, David Murphy, Billy O'Mahony, Eoghan Cooke, Michael J Rovito, Steve Robertson, Serena FitzGerald, Alan O Connor, Mícheál O Riordan, Mohamad M Saab\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s41669-025-00571-5\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Virtual reality (VR) is potentially effective in raising awareness of testicular diseases, promoting self-examination and early help-seeking among men. This paper presents an early economic evaluation exploring the potential cost-effectiveness of Enhancing Men's Awareness of Testicular diseases (E-MAT)<sub>VR</sub>, a VR interactive experience compared with E-MAT<sub>E</sub>, electronic information, among male athletes Results from this economic evaluation will inform and support the design of a future randomized controlled trial (RCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Results from an Irish feasibility trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05146466) with 74 participants conducted in 2022 were employed. Benefits were measured in monetary units whereby the contingent valuation method was used to elicit participants' preferences through willingness-to-pay measures. A micro-cost analysis estimated the costs of the intervention and comparator and subsequent resource use. The costs and benefits of E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> and E-MAT<sub>E</sub> were compared to determine the net benefit. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Base case analysis suggests participants were willing to pay €21.88 for E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> and €11.16 for E-MAT<sub>E</sub>. The total cost of E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> was €104.09 and of E-MAT<sub>E</sub> was €22.75 per participant. These estimates include capital and delivery costs, of which delivery costs were €25.02 and €22.40 for E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> and E-MAT<sub>E</sub>, respectively. A negative net benefit indicates E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> was not cost-beneficial as delivered in the feasibility trial. Scenario analyses demonstrated reducing costs via delivery modifications increased the probability of E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> being considered cost-effective. The cost-benefit analysis was feasible, response rates were acceptable, and willingness-to-pay estimates were stable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Economic evaluations alongside feasibility trials enable early economic evaluations, informing the design and conduct of a future RCT. E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> had higher expected benefits (WTP) and costs than E-MAT<sub>E</sub>, yielding a negative net benefit. Given the high cost of digital health interventions, investigating their cost-effectiveness early is important to inform and optimize resource allocation decisions. We present a series of scenarios to demonstrate how delivery modifications to reduce costs could improve the likelihood of E-MAT<sub>VR</sub> being considered cost-effective.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19770,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"PharmacoEconomics Open\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-03-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"PharmacoEconomics Open\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41669-025-00571-5\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ECONOMICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"PharmacoEconomics Open","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41669-025-00571-5","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ECONOMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Enhancing Men's Awareness of Testicular diseases (E-MAT) Feasibility Trial: A Virtual Reality Experience to Increase Testicular Knowledge and Self-Examination among Male Athletes.
Background: Virtual reality (VR) is potentially effective in raising awareness of testicular diseases, promoting self-examination and early help-seeking among men. This paper presents an early economic evaluation exploring the potential cost-effectiveness of Enhancing Men's Awareness of Testicular diseases (E-MAT)VR, a VR interactive experience compared with E-MATE, electronic information, among male athletes Results from this economic evaluation will inform and support the design of a future randomized controlled trial (RCT).
Methods: Results from an Irish feasibility trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05146466) with 74 participants conducted in 2022 were employed. Benefits were measured in monetary units whereby the contingent valuation method was used to elicit participants' preferences through willingness-to-pay measures. A micro-cost analysis estimated the costs of the intervention and comparator and subsequent resource use. The costs and benefits of E-MATVR and E-MATE were compared to determine the net benefit. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted.
Results: Base case analysis suggests participants were willing to pay €21.88 for E-MATVR and €11.16 for E-MATE. The total cost of E-MATVR was €104.09 and of E-MATE was €22.75 per participant. These estimates include capital and delivery costs, of which delivery costs were €25.02 and €22.40 for E-MATVR and E-MATE, respectively. A negative net benefit indicates E-MATVR was not cost-beneficial as delivered in the feasibility trial. Scenario analyses demonstrated reducing costs via delivery modifications increased the probability of E-MATVR being considered cost-effective. The cost-benefit analysis was feasible, response rates were acceptable, and willingness-to-pay estimates were stable.
Conclusions: Economic evaluations alongside feasibility trials enable early economic evaluations, informing the design and conduct of a future RCT. E-MATVR had higher expected benefits (WTP) and costs than E-MATE, yielding a negative net benefit. Given the high cost of digital health interventions, investigating their cost-effectiveness early is important to inform and optimize resource allocation decisions. We present a series of scenarios to demonstrate how delivery modifications to reduce costs could improve the likelihood of E-MATVR being considered cost-effective.
期刊介绍：
PharmacoEconomics - Open focuses on applied research on the economic implications and health outcomes associated with drugs, devices and other healthcare interventions. The journal includes, but is not limited to, the following research areas:Economic analysis of healthcare interventionsHealth outcomes researchCost-of-illness studiesQuality-of-life studiesAdditional digital features (including animated abstracts, video abstracts, slide decks, audio slides, instructional videos, infographics, podcasts and animations) can be published with articles; these are designed to increase the visibility, readership and educational value of the journal’s content. In addition, articles published in PharmacoEconomics -Open may be accompanied by plain language summaries to assist readers who have some knowledge of, but not in-depth expertise in, the area to understand important medical advances.All manuscripts are subject to peer review by international experts. Letters to the Editor are welcomed and will be considered for publication.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
