"Looking back to look forward": evaluation of a leadership program for prison staff designed to promote public health-focused culture change in US prisons.

Purpose: Prisons are associated with poor health outcomes for incarcerated people and correctional staff. Efforts to remedy harmful prison conditions typically focus on litigation, legislation and administrative policy changes; however, implementing these top-down mandates is often impeded by cultural barriers among prison staff. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel intervention grounded in public health and international correctional principles, to educate and motivate frontline prison staff to lead culture change initiatives in US prisons.

Design/methodology/approach: Guided by an implementation science framework, researchers administered surveys and conducted semi-structured interviews with three cohorts of participants in the Amend Ambassadors Program. This study included a total of 37 participants: 28 US prison staff from four US states (Oregon, California, North Dakota and Washington) and 9 prison staff from Norway. The objectives were to assess the implementation of the program and its impacts based on the experiences of those who participated.

Findings: Results suggest that the Ambassadors program succeeded in its educational objectives, and provided participants with knowledge, skills and motivation to lead culture change projects in the prison systems where they work. Participants responded favorably to the pedagogical components of the program, and most reported improvements in their perceived levels of job satisfaction, overall well-being and inspiration to advance culture change efforts, as a result of their participation in the program.

Originality/value: The Amend Ambassadors program is a novel approach to educating and inspiring correctional professionals to mobilize "ground up" culture change initiatives focused on improving human dignity and health promotion. This formative evaluation provides new insights into the potential for interventions that combine international immersion, health promotion and experiential learning components for fostering leadership and reducing cultural resistance to prison reform among prison workforces.