细菌毒素产生的多效性调控和Allee效应支配着微生物捕食者-猎物的相互作用。

IF 5.1 Q1 ECOLOGY
ISME communications Pub Date : 2025-02-14 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1093/ismeco/ycaf031
Harikumar R Suma, Pierre Stallforth
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引用次数: 0

摘要

细菌是群居生物,经常受到线虫或变形虫的捕食。为了对抗这些捕食者的压力,细菌进化出了各种有效的反捕食者策略。例如,假单胞菌属的细菌通过分泌杀阿米巴虫的天然产物来逃避阿米巴虫的捕食。土壤细菌荧光假单胞菌HKI0770产生能杀死变形虫的吡咯二酮生物碱。尽管吡咯二酮的作用模式已经被阐明,但这种捕食者-猎物相互作用的时空动力学仍然未知。利用显微镜和分析技术的结合,我们阐明了这种捕食者-猎物关联的复杂关系。我们利用染色细菌工具箱对产生变形虫的野生型和不产生变形虫的突变型进行了种内分化。这允许营养物质可用性的变化和相互作用的微生物的捕食-逃避策略的出现。共同培养的成像显示,阿米巴虫最初摄入了非产生毒素的细胞和产生毒素的细胞。捕食者-猎物相互作用的结果由种群大小和相互作用伙伴的适合度决定。我们发现,细胞密度的变化加上营养物质可用性的改变导致了强烈的Allee效应,导致pyreudione a的产生减少。防御能力的丧失使得P. fluorescens HKI0770对变形虫来说是美味的。这种多方面的调控为一个模型提供了基础,通过这个模型,捕食者-猎物种群在特定的生态位中受到调控。我们的研究结果证明了细菌毒素产生的时空调节如何改变变形虫的摄食行为。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Pleiotropic regulation of bacterial toxin production and Allee effect govern microbial predator-prey interactions.

Bacteria are social organisms, which are constantly exposed to predation by nematodes or amoebae. To counteract these predation pressures, bacteria have evolved a variety of potent antipredator strategies. Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas, for instance, evade amoebal predation by the secretion of amoebicidal natural products. The soil bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens HKI0770 produces pyreudione alkaloids that can kill amoebae. Even though the mode of action of the pyreudiones has been elucidated, the spatiotemporal dynamics underlying this predator-prey interaction remain unknown. Using a combination of microscopy and analytical techniques, we elucidated the intricate relationship of this predator-prey association. We used the chromatic bacteria toolbox for intraspecific differentiation of the amoebicide-producing wildtype and the non-producing mutant within microcosms. These allow for variations in nutrient availability and the emergence of predation-evasion strategies of interacting microorganisms. Imaging of the co-cultures revealed that the amoebae initially ingest both the non-producer as well as the toxin-producer cells. The outcomes of predator-prey interactions are governed by the population size and fitness of the interacting partners. We identified that changes in the cell density coupled with alterations in nutrient availability led to a strong Allee effect resulting in the diminished production of pyreudione A. The loss of defense capabilities renders P. fluorescens HKI0770 palatable to amoebae. Such a multifaceted regulation provides the basis for a model by which predator-prey populations are being regulated in specific niches. Our results demonstrate how the spatiotemporal regulation of bacterial toxin production alters the feeding behavior of amoeba.

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