Adaptive scale matching for remote sensing object detection based on aerial images

Remote sensing object detection based on aerial images presents challenges due to their complex backgrounds, and the utilization of specific a contextual information can enhance detection accuracy. Inadequate long-range background information may lead to erroneous detection of small remotely sensed objects, with variations in background complexity observed across different object types. In this paper, we propose a new YOLO-based real-time object detector. The detector aims to Scale-Match the proportions of various objects in remote sensing images using the model named YOLO-SM. Specifically, this paper proposes a straightforward yet highly efficient building block that dynamically adjusts the necessary receptive field for each object, minimizing the loss of feature information caused by consecutive convolutions. Additionally, a supplementary bottom-up pathway is incorporated to improve the representation of smaller objects. Empirical evaluations conducted on DOTA-v1.0, DOTA-v1.5, DIOR-R, and HRSC2016 datasets confirm the efficacy of the proposed methodology. On DOTA-v1.0, compared to RTMDet-R-L, YOLO-SM-S achieved competitive accuracy while significantly reducing parameters by 74.8% and FLOPs by 78.5%. Compared to LSKNet on HRSC2016, YOLO-SM-Tiny dramatically reduces 76% of parameters and 90% of FLOPs and improves FPS by about three times while maintaining stable accuracy.