How does the reconstruction of residential space impact displaced farmers’ post-resettlement adaptation during urbanisation in China? A perspective of spatial production

Displaced farmers resulting from China's urban expansion face challenges in post-resettlement adaptation (PRA) as their residential spaces undergo significant reconstruction. However, existing research has insufficiently explored the impact of this reconstruction on the PRA of displaced farmers. Drawing on the spatial production theory, this study identifies the features of the reconstruction of residential space (RRS), determines the factors influencing displaced farmers' PRA, and establishes the pathways that influence their adaptation. This study has three primary findings. First, RRS includes the reconstruction of physical, social, and mental spaces. Second, “Formal Institutions” have the greatest impact on displaced farmers' PRA, while “Cultural Customs” have the least. Third, the reconstruction of mental space directly impacts displaced farmers' adaptation, while the reconstruction of physical and social spaces can only take effect by stimulating mental space. Based on the identified pathways, this study proposes governance strategies across three spaces. Specifically, for mental space, emotion-based governance is essential; for physical space, multifunctional spaces that can meet displaced farmers' daily spatial use should be created; for social space, a robust social security and inclusive community management system are crucial. This study not only provides specific pathways to promote displaced farmers' PRA and support their social integration but also offers a theoretical framework and governance strategies for displaced populations' PRA worldwide.