Distribution network gray-start and emergency recovery strategy with pumped storage unit under a typhoon

Typhoons can cause large-area blackouts or partial outages of distribution networks. We define a partial outage state in the distribution network as a gray state and propose a gray-start strategy and two-stage distribution network emergency recovery framework. A phase-space reconstruction and stacked integrated model for predicting wind and photovoltaic generation during typhoon disasters is proposed in the first stage. This provides guidance for second-stage post-disaster emergency recovery scheduling. The emergency recovery scheduling model is established in the second stage, and this model is supported by a thermal power-generating unit, mobile emergency generators, and distributed generators. Distributed generation includes wind power generation, photovoltaics, fuel cells, etc. Simultaneously, we consider the gray-start based on the pumped storage unit to be an important first step in the emergency recovery strategy. This model is validated on the improved IEEE 33 node system, which utilizes data from the 2022 super typhoon “Muifa” in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China. Simulations indicate the superiority of a gray start with a pumped storage unit and the proposed emergency recovery strategy.