[Clinical characteristics and prognostic evaluation of patients with hematological disease and sepsis in the Hematological intensive care unit].

Objective: To identify the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with hematological disease and neutropenic sepsis in the hematological intensive care unit (HCU). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with hematological disease and sepsis who admitted to HCU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from October 2017 to October 2024, to examine the primary therapeutic options, prognosis, cause of death, and infectious features of sepsis. Results: A total of 245 septic patients were included in the study, comprising 88 cases in the neutropenic sepsis group (neutropenic group) and 157 cases in the non-neutropenic sepsis group (non-neutropenic group). Acute leukemia was more prevalent in the neutropenic group [55.68% (49/88) ]. At the time of admission to the HCU, the neutropenic group exhibited unstable vital signs, lower blood cell counts, higher inflammatory markers, elevated Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, increased creatinine levels (120.00 µmol/L vs 77.10 µmol/L, P<0.01), higher total bilirubin levels (24.70 µmol/L vs 17.90 µmol/L, P<0.01), and significantly elevated B-type natriuretic peptide levels (567.90 ng/L vs 134.50 ng/L, P<0.01) compared with the non-neutropenic group. Furthermore, septic shock was more common in the neutropenic group [53.40% (47/88) vs 36.94% (58/157), P<0.05]. The mortality rate was also higher in the neutropenic group [46.59% (41/88) ] compared with the non-neutropenic group [32.48% (51/157) ] (P<0.05), with septic shock accounting for the majority of deaths [70.73% (29/41) ]. Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria [55.68% (49/88) vs 36.30% (57/157), P<0.01] and fungi [14.77% (13/88) vs 6.36% (10/157), P<0.05] were more common in the neutropenic group. However, lung infections were significantly less frequent in the neutropenic group (P<0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a substantially worse 28-day overall survival rate for the neutropenic group compared with the non-neutropenic group (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Patients with hematological diseases and neutropenic sepsis presented with more severe clinical conditions, a higher likelihood of organ failure and septic shock, and significantly increased mortality compared with patients with non-neutropenic sepsis.