Gauthier Everard, Louise Declerck, Thierry Lejeune, Martin Gareth Edwards, Justine Bogacki, Cléo Reiprich, Kelly Delvigne, Nicolas Legrain, Charles Sebiyo Batcho
{"title":"一种自适应严肃游戏在沉浸式虚拟现实中提高老年人运动学习：短期纵向的记忆和迁移研究。","authors":"Gauthier Everard, Louise Declerck, Thierry Lejeune, Martin Gareth Edwards, Justine Bogacki, Cléo Reiprich, Kelly Delvigne, Nicolas Legrain, Charles Sebiyo Batcho","doi":"10.2196/64004","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite their potential, the use of serious games within immersive virtual reality (iVR) for enhancing motor skills in older adults remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we developed a self-adaptive serious game in iVR called REAsmash-iVR. This game involves swiftly locating and striking a digital mole presented with various distractors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This short-term longitudinal pre-post study aims to evaluate REAsmash-iVR's efficacy in promoting motor learning in older adults. Specifically, we seek to determine the transfer and retention of motor learning achieved through REAsmash-iVR to other iVR tasks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 20 older adults participated in the study, engaging with REAsmash-iVR over 7 consecutive days. The evaluation included iVR tests such as KinematicsVR and a VR adaptation of the Box and Block Test (BBT-VR). KinematicsVR tasks included drawing straight lines and circles as fast and as accurately as possible, while BBT-VR required participants to move digital cubes as quickly as possible within 60 seconds. Assessments were conducted before and after the intervention, with a follow-up at 1 week post intervention. The primary outcome focused on evaluating the impact of REAsmash-iVR on speed-accuracy trade-off during KinematicsVR tasks. Secondary outcomes included analyzing movement smoothness, measured by spectral arc length, and BBT-VR scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed significant improvements in speed-accuracy trade-off post intervention compared to that before the intervention, with notable retention of skills for straight lines (t<sub>19</sub>=5.46; P<.001; Cohen d=1.13) and circle drawing (t<sub>19</sub>=3.84; P=.001; Cohen d=0.787). Likewise, there was a significant enhancement in spectral arc length, particularly for circle drawing (χ²<sub>2</sub>=11.2; P=.004; ε<sup>2</sup>=0.23), but not for straight-line drawing (χ²<sub>2</sub>=2.1; P=.35; ε<sup>2</sup>=0.003). Additionally, participants demonstrated transfer with significant improvement (q=5.26; P<.001; Cohen r=0.678) and retention (q=6.82; P<.001; Cohen r=0.880) in BBT-VR skills.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide perspectives for the use of iVR to improve motor learning in older adults through delivering self-adaptive serious games targeting motor and cognitive functions.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04694833; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04694833.</p>","PeriodicalId":36245,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Aging","volume":"8 ","pages":"e64004"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11914841/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A Self-Adaptive Serious Game to Improve Motor Learning Among Older Adults in Immersive Virtual Reality: Short-Term Longitudinal Pre-Post Study on Retention and Transfer.\",\"authors\":\"Gauthier Everard, Louise Declerck, Thierry Lejeune, Martin Gareth Edwards, Justine Bogacki, Cléo Reiprich, Kelly Delvigne, Nicolas Legrain, Charles Sebiyo Batcho\",\"doi\":\"10.2196/64004\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite their potential, the use of serious games within immersive virtual reality (iVR) for enhancing motor skills in older adults remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we developed a self-adaptive serious game in iVR called REAsmash-iVR. This game involves swiftly locating and striking a digital mole presented with various distractors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This short-term longitudinal pre-post study aims to evaluate REAsmash-iVR's efficacy in promoting motor learning in older adults. Specifically, we seek to determine the transfer and retention of motor learning achieved through REAsmash-iVR to other iVR tasks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 20 older adults participated in the study, engaging with REAsmash-iVR over 7 consecutive days. The evaluation included iVR tests such as KinematicsVR and a VR adaptation of the Box and Block Test (BBT-VR). KinematicsVR tasks included drawing straight lines and circles as fast and as accurately as possible, while BBT-VR required participants to move digital cubes as quickly as possible within 60 seconds. Assessments were conducted before and after the intervention, with a follow-up at 1 week post intervention. The primary outcome focused on evaluating the impact of REAsmash-iVR on speed-accuracy trade-off during KinematicsVR tasks. Secondary outcomes included analyzing movement smoothness, measured by spectral arc length, and BBT-VR scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed significant improvements in speed-accuracy trade-off post intervention compared to that before the intervention, with notable retention of skills for straight lines (t<sub>19</sub>=5.46; P<.001; Cohen d=1.13) and circle drawing (t<sub>19</sub>=3.84; P=.001; Cohen d=0.787). Likewise, there was a significant enhancement in spectral arc length, particularly for circle drawing (χ²<sub>2</sub>=11.2; P=.004; ε<sup>2</sup>=0.23), but not for straight-line drawing (χ²<sub>2</sub>=2.1; P=.35; ε<sup>2</sup>=0.003). 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A Self-Adaptive Serious Game to Improve Motor Learning Among Older Adults in Immersive Virtual Reality: Short-Term Longitudinal Pre-Post Study on Retention and Transfer.
Background: Despite their potential, the use of serious games within immersive virtual reality (iVR) for enhancing motor skills in older adults remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we developed a self-adaptive serious game in iVR called REAsmash-iVR. This game involves swiftly locating and striking a digital mole presented with various distractors.
Objective: This short-term longitudinal pre-post study aims to evaluate REAsmash-iVR's efficacy in promoting motor learning in older adults. Specifically, we seek to determine the transfer and retention of motor learning achieved through REAsmash-iVR to other iVR tasks.
Methods: A total of 20 older adults participated in the study, engaging with REAsmash-iVR over 7 consecutive days. The evaluation included iVR tests such as KinematicsVR and a VR adaptation of the Box and Block Test (BBT-VR). KinematicsVR tasks included drawing straight lines and circles as fast and as accurately as possible, while BBT-VR required participants to move digital cubes as quickly as possible within 60 seconds. Assessments were conducted before and after the intervention, with a follow-up at 1 week post intervention. The primary outcome focused on evaluating the impact of REAsmash-iVR on speed-accuracy trade-off during KinematicsVR tasks. Secondary outcomes included analyzing movement smoothness, measured by spectral arc length, and BBT-VR scores.
Results: Results revealed significant improvements in speed-accuracy trade-off post intervention compared to that before the intervention, with notable retention of skills for straight lines (t19=5.46; P<.001; Cohen d=1.13) and circle drawing (t19=3.84; P=.001; Cohen d=0.787). Likewise, there was a significant enhancement in spectral arc length, particularly for circle drawing (χ²2=11.2; P=.004; ε2=0.23), but not for straight-line drawing (χ²2=2.1; P=.35; ε2=0.003). Additionally, participants demonstrated transfer with significant improvement (q=5.26; P<.001; Cohen r=0.678) and retention (q=6.82; P<.001; Cohen r=0.880) in BBT-VR skills.
Conclusions: These findings provide perspectives for the use of iVR to improve motor learning in older adults through delivering self-adaptive serious games targeting motor and cognitive functions.
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