通过AND/OR树进行逆向推理来解决问题。

Jeroen Olieslagers, Zahy Bnaya, Yichen Li, Wei Ji Ma
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引用次数: 0

摘要

无论是旅行、玩游戏还是调试代码,代理希望改变的任何情况都可以被定义为问题。尽管这种方法无处不在,但并没有一个统一的框架来描述人们在解决问题时如何向后推理。我们引入AND/OR树,将子目标和实现子目标的行动链接在一起,作为表示这一过程的一种方式。为了研究AND/OR树的行为是否能预测人类的行为,我们进行了一项研究,让参与者解决确定性的、长期的难题。AND/OR树能够解释参与者采取的大部分行动。接下来,我们使用心理学上合理的单参数搜索算法对这些树进行建模搜索。我们将这个模型与个体参与者的数据相匹配,发现它捕捉到了人类游戏的总体统计趋势。我们的结果显示AND/OR树在问题解决中作为向后推理的表示的前景。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Backward reasoning through AND/OR trees to solve problems.

Whether travelling, playing games, or debugging code, any situation where an agent desires change can be framed as a problem. Despite this ubiquity, there is no unifying framework describing how people reason backwards when solving problems. We introduce AND/OR trees, which chain together subgoals and actions to attain them, as a way to represent this process. To investigate whether actions from AND/OR trees were predictive of human behavior, we conducted a study in which participants solved deterministic, long-horizon puzzles. AND/OR trees were able to explain most of the actions the participants took. Next, we modeled search through these trees using a psychologically plausible, single-parameter search algorithm. We fit this model to the data of individual participants and found that it captures trends in summary statistics of human play. Our results show the promise of AND/OR trees as a representation for backward reasoning in problem solving.

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