Molecular approaches based on investigating the therapeutic benefits of Moringa oleifera: Insights into biochemical and spermatological and metabolites studies

This study aimed to investigate the potential of Moringa oleifera extract, an herbal treatment known to support male reproductive function, in improving sperm motility. Adult male guinea pigs were divided into four groups (n = 5 per group). Group 1 served as the control, while Group 2 was induced with subfertility using Carbendazim. Group 3 consisted of subfertile guinea pigs treated with Moringa oleifera extract, and Group 4 included subfertile guinea pigs treated with clomiphene citrate. Sperm motility parameters, including sperm counts (sperm/ml), rapid and progressive motility (sperm/ml), and sperm agglutination (%), were assessed using standard methods. In control group, guinea pigs exhibited significantly higher sperm counts (44.0 ± 0.89 x 10^6 sperm/ml) and sperm motility (57.6 ± 1.45 x 10^6 sperm/ml, rapid, progressive) compared to the Carbendazim-induced subfertile group (p < 0.05). Conversely, the subfertile group displayed significantly higher sperm agglutination (30 ± 1.26%) than the control group (p < 0.05). Treatment with Moringa oleifera L extract and clomiphene citrate resulted in improved sperm motility parameters, with both groups showing higher sperm counts and rapid, progressive motility, and lower sperm agglutination compared to the sub-fertile group. These findings suggest that Moringa oleifera extract may enhance sperm motility in male guinea pigs with carbendazim-induced subfertility, positioning herbal remedies as potential alternatives for treating male infertility. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential of Moringa oleifera as a therapeutic agent for male infertility by demonstrating its effectiveness in improving sperm motility and reducing sperm agglutination. These results underscore the importance of exploring herbal remedies as safer, natural alternatives to conventional treatments for addressing the subfertility issue. Further research is needed to discover the underlying molecular mechanisms and assess the clinical significance of these outcomes in the context of human male fertility.