Early blood pressure drop predicts renal function deterioration and mortality in ICU patients with liver failure: a retrospective cohort study

Objective

To investigate the association between early blood pressure drop and worsening renal function (WRF) in ICU patients with liver failure and to evaluate their clinical outcomes.

Design

Retrospective observational study.

Setting

Intensive Care Medicine.

Patients

Patients admitted to the ICU for the first time during their first hospitalization; diagnosed with liver failure according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision codes; and aged ≥18 years were included. Patients with a peak systolic blood pressure (SBP) drop of <0 mmHg were excluded.

Intervention

We analyzed data of ICU patients with liver failure from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV version 2.2 database. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis test, and chi-square test were employed for analysis. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the determinants of blood pressure decline. Cox proportional hazards and generalized additive models were used to evaluate

Main variables of interest

The relationship between blood pressure decline, WRF, and 60-day in-hospital mortality were evaluated, along with subgroup analyses.

Results

Peak SBP drop was independently associated with higher risks of WRF (P < 0.001) and 60-day in-hospital mortality (P < 0.001), even after adjusting for potential confounders, including baseline SBP. The independent risk relationship observed between peak diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure drop, and the occurrence of WRF and 60-day in-hospital mortality was similar.

Conclusions

In ICU patients with liver failure, a significant early drop in blood pressure was associated with a higher incidence of WRF, increased risk of 60-day in-hospital mortality, and poorer prognoses.