Bridging gaps in artificial intelligence adoption for maternal-fetal and obstetric care: Unveiling transformative capabilities and challenges

Purpose: This review aims to comprehensively explore the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to an area that has not been traditionally explored in depth: the continuum of maternal-fetal health. In doing so, the intent was to examine this physiologically continuous spectrum of mother and child health, as well as to highlight potential pitfalls, and suggest solutions for the same. Method: A systematic search identified studies employing AI techniques for prediction, diagnosis, and decision support employing various modalities like imaging, electrophysiological signals and electronic health records in the domain of obstetrics and fetal health. In the selected articles then, AI applications in fetal morphology, gestational age assessment, congenital defect detection, fetal monitoring, placental analysis, and maternal physiological monitoring were critically examined both from the perspective of the domain and artificial intelligence. Result: AI-driven solutions demonstrate promising capabilities in medical diagnostics and risk prediction, offering automation, improved accuracy, and the potential for personalized medicine. However, challenges regarding data availability, algorithmic transparency, and ethical considerations must be overcome to ensure responsible and effective clinical implementation. These challenges must be urgently addressed to ensure a domain as critical to public health as obstetrics and fetal health, is able to fully benefit from the gigantic strides made in the field of artificial intelligence. Conclusion: Open access to relevant datasets is crucial for equitable progress in this critical public health domain. Integrating responsible and explainable AI, while addressing ethical considerations, is essential to maximize the public health benefits of AI-driven solutions in maternal-fetal care.