Characterising the resilience of electro–hydrogen coupled system via convex hull estimation

Frequent outbreaks of severe natural disasters underscore the importance of power system resilience. With high efficiency and rapid response, hydrogen energy can enhance power system resilience during such incidents. Traditional post-event resilience assessment methods, which are event-triggered, focus on a single indicator, leading to an ambiguous portrayal of the power capacity of coupled systems. To address this limitation, based on a two-stage electro–hydrogen coupled model, the concept of electro–hydrogen coupled region (EHCR) is proposed to illustrate the potential relationships between resilience indicators, exploring the accurate power capacity of the coupled system to critical loads during extreme events. The convex hull estimation is employed to determine the EHCR. A max–min diagnostic model is introduced as the convergence criterion for resilience margins. An external cutting-plane algorithm is developed to interactively obtain the EHCR by progressively eliminating non-capacity regions of the current space based on the diagnostic model. The efficacy of the proposed methods is validated through case studies based on an IEEE 30-bus and Belgium 20-node coupled system under ice disaster scenarios.