Evaluating dispersivenss of high cations content clay soil

The existence of dispersive clay soils can cause serious erosion, void, and structural damage due to an imbalance of the electrochemical forces within the particles, which causes the soil particles to be repulsive instead of being attracted to each other. Dispersivity is observed in several highway embankments in Mississippi, and the embankments have eroded and developed voids over time. The current study investigated the root cause of the voids observed within the subgrade of the state highway 477 in Mississippi and evaluated the dispersivity of high cations-based soil. As part of an investigative initiative, a 2D Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) of the highway embankment road to make a 2D profile of the soil subsurface media was surveyed to reveal that potential hotspots were overlooked, leading to suspected soil dispersivity and subsequent issues. To assess the extent of visible voids and sinkholes, dispersive tests, including the Double Hydrometer Test (DHT), were conducted to evaluate the dispersivity of the clay soils. A series of boreholes were drilled along the roadway to collect the soil samples, determine their physical properties, and identify clay soil dispersity within the soil profile. Following the confirmation of dispersive soil existence through these tests, advanced analyses, such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to identify the microstructures and the ionic compositions of the soil particles and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Tests (TCLPT) to assess the solubility of high concentrated elements in liquid, were performed to comprehend the root cause of the soil dispersion. Based on the results of the analysis, the GPR wave cannot pass through the subgrade, which mostly happens due to the presence of the charge within the soil. Based on SEM, DHT, and TCLP test results, the soil samples have high cations, including the presence of K + . Moreover, a similar distribution of the ionic compositions was observed among the majority of the soil samples; however, the percent of dispersion regarding clay soil particles varied.