Trauma outcomes differences in females: a prospective analysis of 76 000 trauma patients in the Asia-Pacific region and the contributing factors.

Background: Trauma is a leading cause of mortality, particularly in low and middle-income countries. While extensively studied in North America and Europe, data from the Asia-Pacific are limited. An important area of research is the difference in trauma outcomes, which are theoretically noted to be better among females. However, the clinical findings are inconclusive among Asians. This study examines sex-based differences in trauma outcomes in Asia Pacific, focusing on in-hospital mortality and functional recovery at discharge.

Methods: This observational study, from the Pan-Asia Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS), included 76,645 trauma patients from 12 Asian Pacific countries. We analysed in-hospital mortality and functionality at discharge using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Logistic regression models were built to test the association of sex on the outcomes.

Results: Males exhibited higher in-hospital mortality (1.6%) compared to females (1.06%) ( p < 0.001). Adjusted logistic regression models showed that the female sex is not independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Females have a better functional outcome at discharge for patients younger than 50 years with ISS < 16. However, no significant differences existed between those > 50 years and ISS > 15.

Conclusion: This study indicates no difference in the general trauma outcomes in the Asia Pacific between females and males. Although younger females with less severe injuries had better functional outcomes, this advantage disappeared in severe injuries and those over 50 years. These results align with some previous studies, and understanding the nuances may lead to more tailored trauma care, potentially improving patient outcomes.