{"title":"An affordable, wearable, fiber-free pulsed-mode diffuse speckle contrast flowmetry (PM-DSCF) sensor for noninvasive measurements of deep cerebral blood flow.","authors":"Chaebeom Yeo, Xuhui Liu, Mehrana Mohtasebi, Faezeh Akbari, Faraneh Fathi, Guoqiang Yu","doi":"","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) is crucial for diagnosing various cerebral diseases. An affordable, wearable, and fiber-free continuous-wave speckle contrast flowmetry (CW-DSCF) technique has been developed for continuous monitoring of CBF variations. However, its application in adult humans is limited by shallow tissue penetration.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To develop an innovative pulse-mode DSCF (PM-DSCF) system for continuous monitoring of CBF variations in adult humans.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The PM-DSCF utilizes an 808 nm laser diode and a small NanEye camera to capture diffuse laser speckle fluctuations caused by red blood cell movement in the brain (i.e., CBF). Operating in short-pulse mode (duty cycle < 5%), the system maximizes peak pulse light power for deeper tissue penetration, while ensuring that the average power density remains within ANSI safety standards for skin exposure. The PM-DSCF was evaluated on tissue-simulating phantoms and in adult humans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The maximum effective source-detector distance increased from 15 mm (CW-DSCF) to 35 mm (PM-DSCF). The PM-DSCF successfully detected CBF variations in adult brains during head-up-tilting experiments, consistent with physiological expectations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Switching from CW mode to PM mode significantly increases the maximum tissue penetration depth from ~7.5 mm (CW-DSCF) to ~17.5 mm (PM-DSCF), enabling successful CBF measurements in adult humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":93888,"journal":{"name":"ArXiv","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11844631/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ArXiv","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
An affordable, wearable, fiber-free pulsed-mode diffuse speckle contrast flowmetry (PM-DSCF) sensor for noninvasive measurements of deep cerebral blood flow.
Significance: Measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) is crucial for diagnosing various cerebral diseases. An affordable, wearable, and fiber-free continuous-wave speckle contrast flowmetry (CW-DSCF) technique has been developed for continuous monitoring of CBF variations. However, its application in adult humans is limited by shallow tissue penetration.
Aim: To develop an innovative pulse-mode DSCF (PM-DSCF) system for continuous monitoring of CBF variations in adult humans.
Approach: The PM-DSCF utilizes an 808 nm laser diode and a small NanEye camera to capture diffuse laser speckle fluctuations caused by red blood cell movement in the brain (i.e., CBF). Operating in short-pulse mode (duty cycle < 5%), the system maximizes peak pulse light power for deeper tissue penetration, while ensuring that the average power density remains within ANSI safety standards for skin exposure. The PM-DSCF was evaluated on tissue-simulating phantoms and in adult humans.
Results: The maximum effective source-detector distance increased from 15 mm (CW-DSCF) to 35 mm (PM-DSCF). The PM-DSCF successfully detected CBF variations in adult brains during head-up-tilting experiments, consistent with physiological expectations.
Conclusions: Switching from CW mode to PM mode significantly increases the maximum tissue penetration depth from ~7.5 mm (CW-DSCF) to ~17.5 mm (PM-DSCF), enabling successful CBF measurements in adult humans.
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