Black community member perceptions and ethics recommendations on epigenomic research.

Background: Social epigenomics research investigates links between social experiences and epigenetic modifications, which may ultimately impact health. Such research holds promise for precision medicine and addressing health disparities based on social conditions, but also brings unique ethical challenges. The linking of social experiences to biological changes risks pathologizing experiences, potentially leading individuals and communities to be seen as 'damaged.' This stigmatization or stereotyping based on experiences also risks placing disproportionate personal responsibility for health. These risks are likely to be amplified in historically marginalized communities already facing discrimination. It is therefore essential to engage members of historically marginalized communities to explore attitudes about social epigenomics research. This study focuses on the Black and African American (B/AA) population in the USA, studying perceptions of social epigenomic research participants, research decliners, and broadly representative community members to identify perceived benefits and risks of social epigenomic research as well as strategies to maximize benefits and lower risks for both participants and communities.

Results: Both research participants and community members perceived potential benefit of social epigenomic research for the B/AA population. While most research participants did not perceive research related risks, community members identified risks both specific to social epigenomic research and more generalized to medical research. Several of the risks identified, and a belief that the likelihood of harms was greater than the likelihood of benefits, were based on past research injustices to B/AA research participants and mistrust in the medical and research enterprise. However, community members provided concrete strategies for maximizing the chance of benefits and lowering risk of harms including acknowledging and addressing biases and past injustices, ensuring transparency and understanding, positive framing of research, thorough research and dissemination, and engaging with communities before, throughout, and beyond the research process.

Conclusions: While B/AA community members identified risk of both individual and community harm from social epigenomic research, they also perceived potential health benefits for the B/AA community. Through concerted efforts to apply community recommendations to lower risks and enhance benefits, researchers can conduct ethical and valid epigenomic research that aims to address health disparities with historically marginalized communities.