Intelligent managements of the plug-in electric vehicles and pumped storage power station integrated with the dynamic economic emission dispatch

This paper investigates an enhanced version of the dynamic economic emission dispatch with the charging/discharging of PEVs (DEED-PEV). Based on the limited charging stations and rated charging/discharging power for the PEVs, the charging/discharging power of the PEVs should comply with the capacity limits and be formulated as the variables of DEED-PEV. To avoid large fluctuations of power loads and guarantee steady operation of the power system, a load smooth function is formulated for the accumulated loads. In addition, the stored potential energies in the upstream reservoir are formulated as the variables of DEED-PEV to regulate the electricity outputs/inputs of the pumped storage power station. The electricity of the power grid can be utilized in a more efficient way. A NSGA-III method based on triangular distribution (NSGA-III-TD) and a constraint handling strategy (CHS) are proposed to tackle this issue. The former updates solutions according to triangular distribution in crossover, and the latter repairs infeasible solutions by a series of specific steps. Experimental results suggest that CHS can tackle the constraints efficiently and NSGA-III-TD can obtain the Pareto sets with relatively large hypervolumes and coverage rates in comparison with the other four MOEAs for four DEED-PEVs.