Impact of sex on ergonomic challenges in cardiothoracic surgery: Inequities in work-related injuries

Background

Ergonomic challenges resulting in work-related injuries are highly prevalent, and women surgeons encounter more ergonomic difficulties and resultant injuries than men. Cardiothoracic (CT) surgery requires intense physical demands, and it is unknown how surgeon's sex may impact these challenges. Therefore, we sought to explore the impact of sex on ergonomic-related issues faced by CT surgeons.

Methods

An anonymous web-based survey was designed and administered via a web-based platform from April 9, 2024, to April 25, 2024. Survey items addressed demographic and anthropometric data, ergonomic difficulties, pain symptoms, and associated treatments related to ergonomics in the operating room. Comparative analytics were performed between the sexes.

Results

Fifty-one participants completed the survey, including 29 practicing CT surgeons (56.9%) and 22 trainees (43.1%). The respondents included 21 women (41.2%). There was no difference in mean age by sex (40.5 years vs 40.7 years; P = .94). Women were shorter (65.3 inches vs 70.6 inches; P < .01) and had smaller hands (glove size, 6.2 vs 7.4; P < .01). Eighteen women (85.7%) reported pain compared to 20 men (66.7%; P = .23) Women more often reported an impact on daily life (83.3% [n = 15] vs 50.0% [n = 10]; P = .06). Women frequently reported needing treatment (61.1%) and time off work due to injury (27.7%). Notably, 76.2% of women (n = 16) attributed their discomfort to instruments and/or operating room setup, compared to 36.7% of men (n = 11; P = .01).

Conclusions

The impact of work-related pain on CT surgeons is substantial, with evidence of sex differences in rates and severity. Emphasis must be placed on limiting injuries for all while specifically supporting the anthropometric diversity of our future workforce.