Numerical study of mixed convection and thermal enhancement in Williamson ternary nanofluid flow over a non-isothermal wedge using the keller box method

The aim of the present analysis is to examine the mixed convection flow of Williamson ternary $(\mathrm{Ag},\mathrm{MgO},F{e}_3{O}_4/\mathrm{water})$nanofluid over a non-isothermal wedge. During the study, the dimensional continuity, momentum, energy, and concentration equations are transformed into non-dimensional equations using a non-similarity transformation. Keller box (KBM) numerical solution methods are then applied to analyse the impacts of various dimensionless parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration. The focus of this research is on two primary instances: the behaviour of Newtonian fluids and the unique properties of Williamson fluids, which are categorized as non-Newtonian. Various factors are analysed in both cases, including the buoyancy ratio$\left(N\right)$, mixed convection$\left(\lambda \right)$, Brownian motion$\left(N_T\right)$, thermophoresis$\left(N_B\right)$, and heat source and sink$\left(Q\right)$ parameters. The Williamson fluid model describes non-Newtonian fluids where viscosity changes with shear rate. The results indicate that variations in the Williamson fluid, buoyancy, and mixed convection parameter result in alterations in the fluid viscosity, subsequently influencing the thermal mass-transfer properties of the fluid. Fluid flow over a wedge surface is utilized in various fields such as aerodynamics, heat transfer, chemical engineering, geophysics, and material processing. The application of the Williamson ternary fluid model, incorporating $\mathrm{Ag},\mathrm{MgO},$ and $F{e}_3{O}_4$ nanoparticles dispersed in water flowing over a wedge surface, has the potential to transform heat dissipation in advanced electronic cooling systems. This innovation could significantly boost performance and reliability, particularly in demanding high-power applications, representing a significant advancement in thermal management technology. Finally, the main findings of this article are highlighted in the last section.