Management of Cholelithiasis in Children With Associated Diseases: Should Prophylactic Cholecystectomy Be Recommended?—A Retrospective Analysis

Cholelithiasis is increasing in the pediatric population, and there are currently no guidelines for the management of asymptomatic patients with both cholelithiasis and a predisposing condition. This study seeks to highlight situations where prophylactic cholecystectomy may be desirable. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy between October 2011 and September 2022. Thirty-two patients were included in the study. Five different groups of patients were identified based on associated pathologies. Twenty-six patients were symptomatic (81.25%), and six were asymptomatic (18.75%). All patients underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hematologic and cystic fibrosis patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis had a shorter length of hospital stay than patients with the same condition who progressed from asymptomatic to symptomatic gallstone disease. Consequently, patients with associated diseases (particularly hematologic diseases and cystic fibrosis) may benefit from early laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which could reduce the probability of surgical difficulties and shorten the length of hospital stay.