Role of tidal range and coastline morphology on the evolution of two macrotidal sand spits

The present study examines the stratigraphy of two sandspits that both appeared and developed since the middle of the 17th century during the Little Ice Age. The Arçay spit is located along the macrotidal Atlantic coast in South-West France with a maximum tidal range of 6.5 m. The Pointe du Banc in the English Channel, North-West France, is located in a hypertidal coastal setting with a tidal range of up to 14 m. The evolution of the two spit systems has been compared using historical maps, ground penetrating radar data and facies analysis and geochronological data from sediment cores. The Pointe du Banc spit developed between 1650 and 1750 CE, in a dominant seaward direction while the main mode of construction of the Arçay spit was in a longshore direction. It is proposed that this difference relates to sediment supply and coastline morphology. At the Pointe du Banc spit, the large tidal range causes a long wind fetch and sustained aeolian sediment supply. Moreover, the spit is located at the apex of a large-scale embayment where sediment transport from north and south converges. Combined, these factors result in a positive sediment budget and seaward shoreline progradation. At the Arçay spit, high wave obliquity results in a large littoral drift and sustained longshore spit construction. At both locations, low gradient shorefaces may have favoured a net landward-directed sediment flux that supply sand to the foreshore.