Racial disparities in osteoarthritis: Prevalence, presentation, and management in the United States

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis in the United States, affecting approximately 24 % of adults. This literature review aims to summarize racial and ethnic disparities in OA prevalence, presentation, disability, diagnosis, and management among different groups in the U.S. The review found significant disparities, particularly affecting African Americans (AAs) and Hispanics (HISs) compared to non-Hispanic whites (WHs). AAs showed higher odds of developing symptomatic and radiological knee OA, with more severe radiological features. Pain and disability due to OA were also more pronounced in AAs and HISs. Disparities extended to imaging workup, with AAs less likely to undergo hip X-rays and MRIs for hip OA. Management strategies, including physical therapy, pharmacological treatments, and surgical interventions, were less utilized by AAs and HISs compared to WHs. These disparities are influenced by complex, multifaceted factors including socioeconomic status, education level, and healthcare access. The review highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions and policy changes to address these racial-ethnic disparities in OA care and outcomes.