多巴胺在冲动和药物滥用中的作用:一个叙述性的回顾。

IF 3 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL
Health Psychology Research Pub Date : 2024-11-12 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.52965/001c.125273
Connor J Plaisance, Lloyd F Ledet Iii, Nicholas J Slusher, Charles P Daniel, Zachary Lee, Bradley Dorius, Sonnah Barrie, Tomasina Q Parker-Actlis, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D Kaye
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引用次数: 0

摘要

根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版(DSM-5),物质使用障碍(SUD)被定义为使用某种物质而引起的症状,尽管这种物质会产生负面影响。冲动性决策通常被定义为选择延迟的大奖励而不是小的即时奖励的能力降低。多巴胺被认为是一种重要的神经递质,与成瘾和冲动的发展和模式有关,特别是在物质使用障碍方面。发现作为成瘾发展的关键角色可以追溯到20世纪50年代,奥尔兹和米尔纳对放置在斯金纳箱中的老鼠进行了一项研究。他们最初的发现是对成瘾的主要机制来源的探索的一部分,以及它在细胞、生理和心理层面上究竟是如何起作用的。我们大脑中的多巴胺能通路已经得到了很好的研究。目前已证实,大脑中大部分多巴胺能神经元位于中脑腹侧,并由四个主要通路组成:中皮质通路、中边缘通路、黑纹状体通路和结节基底通路。多巴胺作用于多种受体,其中多巴胺(D)受体1、2和3在运动功能中起主要作用,受体D1和D2在奖励中起主要作用。还需要进行更多的研究,特别是寻找控制多巴胺能系统来治疗各种成瘾障碍的方法。本研究的重点是深入研究多巴胺及其在物质使用障碍和冲动行为中的临床意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Role of Dopamine in Impulsivity and Substance Abuse: A Narrative Review.

Substance use disorder (SUD), based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), is defined by symptoms caused by utilizing a substance that a person continues taking despite its negative effects. Impulsive decision making is commonly defined as a reduced ability to choose a delayed large reward instead of a small immediate reward. Dopamine has been implicated as a prominent neurotransmitter implicated in the development and pattern of addiction and impulsivity, especially in regard to substance use disorder. Discovery as a key player in the development of addiction dates to the 1950s, with a study performed by Olds and Milner on rats placed in a Skinner box. Their original discovery is part of the beginning of what would become the search into the main mechanistic source of addiction, and how exactly it works at a cellular, physiological, and psychological level. The dopaminergic pathways of our brains are well-studied. It is well established that most of the dopaminergic neurons of the brain are located in the ventral mid-brain and consists of four main pathways: mesocortical, mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, and tuberoinfundibular pathways. Dopamine acts various receptors, with dopamine (D) receptors 1, 2, and 3 playing a major role in motor function and receptors D1 and D2 playing a major role in reward. There are additional studies warranted, especially finding ways to manipulate the dopaminergic system to treat addiction disorders of all varieties. The focus of the present investigation is to delve into the current literature regarding dopamine and its clinical implications in substance use disorder and impulsive behavior.

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来源期刊
Health Psychology Research
Health Psychology Research PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL-
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
63
审稿时长
15 weeks
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