Comparison of brain activity metrics in Chinese and Russian students while perceiving information referencing self or others.

Neurocomputing technology is a field of interdisciplinary research and development widely applied in modern digital medicine. One of the problems of neuroimaging technology is the creation of methods for studying human brain activity in socially oriented conditions by using modern information approaches. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology for collecting and processing psychophysiological data, which makes it possible to estimate the functional states of the human brain associated with the attribution of external information to oneself or other people. Self-reference is a person's subjective assessment of information coming from the external environment as related to himself/herself. Assigning information to other people or inanimate objects is evaluating information as a message about someone else or about things. In modern neurophysiology, two approaches to the study of self-referential processing have been developed: (1) recording brain activity at rest, then questioning the participant for self-reported thoughts; (2) recording brain activity induced by self-assigned stimuli. In the presented paper, a technology was tested that combines registration and analysis of EEG with viewing facial video recordings. The novelty of our approach is the use of video recordings obtained in the first stage of the survey to induce resting states associated with recognition of information about different subjects in later stages of the survey. We have developed a software and hardware module, i. e. a set of related programs and procedures for their application consisting of blocks that allow for a full cycle of registration and processing of psychological and neurophysiological data. Using this module, brain electrical activity (EEG) indicators reflecting individual characteristics of recognition of information related to oneself and other people were compared between groups of 30 Chinese (14 men and 16 women, average age 23.2 ± 0.4 years) and 32 Russian (15 men, 17 women, average age 22.1 ± 0.4 years) participants. We tested the hypothesis that differences in brain activity in functional rest intervals between Chinese and Russian participants depend on their psychological differences in collectivism scores. It was revealed that brain functional activity depends on the subject relevance of the facial video that the participants viewed between resting-state intervals. Interethnic differences were observed in the activity of the anterior and parietal hubs of the default-mode network and depended on the subject attribution of information. In Chinese, but not Russian, participants significant positive correlations were revealed between the level of collectivism and spectral density in the anterior hub of the default-mode network in all experimental conditions for a wide range of frequencies. The developed software and hardware module is included in an integrated digital platform for conducting research in the field of systems biology and digital medicine.