The Application of MicroRNAs in Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanism Elucidation and Clinical Translation.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex neurological disease caused by external forces impacting the head and is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide, exerting a significant impact on public health and socioeconomic conditions. Current research on TBI has focused primarily on assessing injury severity, determining clinical treatment, and improving patient prognosis. The timely and accurate diagnosis of TBI in clinical settings and the implementation of effective therapeutic strategies remain challenging. However, a deeper understanding of changes in gene expression and underlying molecular regulatory processes may alleviate this pressing issue. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short noncoding RNA molecules, play crucial roles in cellular physiology and pathology by regulating gene expression. With advancements in research, miRNAs have garnered increasing attention in TBI studies. This review summarizes the progress of miRNA research in TBI and explores the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for TBI.