Location Verification of Wireless Sensor Node using Integrated Trilateration in Outdoor WSN

This paper presents a novel method for enhancing localization accuracy in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) through an improved trilateration approach. Despite advancements in localization techniques, challenges remain in achieving reliable accuracy, particularly in complex environments. The proposed method enhances traditional trilateration by integrating angle of arrival (AoA) measurements, leading to better positioning of sensor nodes. In this study, the aim is to confirm whether the final coordinates of trilateration can be supported by adding residual analysis and AoA observations. Experiments were conducted to assess the localization system’s effectiveness. The results showed that residual validation outperformed AoA localization, particularly in noisy outdoor environments, providing more reliable distance estimates even under challenging conditions. This method enhances the trustworthiness of the localization system while also minimizing hardware needs and reducing computational complexity, making it a practical choice for resource-limited WSNs. The AoA verification method achieved average accuracies of 54% for x-coordinates and 55% for y-coordinates. In contrast, incorporating residual analysis improved these figures to 79% for x-coordinates and 80% for y-coordinates. These insights focus on the localization process and demonstrate the value of residual analysis in boosting system performance.