[评估职业接触致癌物质的风险的选定方法综述]。

Medycyna pracy Pub Date : 2025-03-14 Epub Date: 2025-02-07 DOI:10.13075/mp.5893.01581
Małgorzata Kupczewska-Dobecka, Anna Nowak, Joanna Jurewicz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

评估与职业接触化学物质有关的癌症风险的预期水平是极其重要的,因为它构成了公司适当和安全组织工作的基础。它允许将科学研究成果转化为法律法规,从而能够实施适当的预防措施,并最大限度地保护工人的健康。这篇文章讨论了各种方法来估计与癌症的发生有关的风险,由于暴露于致癌物质的工作场所。我们对文献进行了分析、总结和综合,在此基础上选择了7种评估癌症风险的方法。这些方法利用描述符(用于描述数据的特征或变量)、观测期间测量的数值建模技术和基于人工智能的方法。选择这些具体方法的决定是由于它们具有不同风险评估方法的代表性,从而可以对其优缺点进行全面分析和比较。分析表明,没有普遍的最佳风险评估方法,选择在很大程度上取决于实验动物研究的数据。关键因素包括实验中使用的动物种类和数量,提供统计力,给药途径,实验持续时间,自发肿瘤的发生率,以及适当选择可能发生在人类身上的肿瘤。有必要不断改进和统一风险评估方法,并纳入最新的科学研究,以有效管理与工作场所接触致癌物质有关的健康风险。医疗卫生工作卫生安全,2025;76(1)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Review of selected methods for estimating risk from occupational exposure to carcinogenic substances].

Assessing the expected level of cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to chemical substances is extremely important, as it forms the basis for the proper and safe organization of work in a company. It allows the translation of scientific research findings into legal regulations, enabling the implementation of appropriate preventive measures and optimizing the protection of workers' health. This article discusses various methods for estimating the risk associated with the occurrence of cancer due to exposure to carcinogenic substances in workplaces. An analysis, summary, and synthesis of the literature were conducted, based on which 7 methods for estimating cancer risk were selected. These methods utilize descriptors (features or variables used to describe data), numerical modeling techniques measured during observations, and approaches based on artificial intelligence. The decision to select these specific methods was driven by their representativeness of different approaches to risk assessment, allowing for a comprehensive analysis and comparison of their strengths and weaknesses. The analysis revealed that there is no universal best method for risk estimation, and the choice largely depends on the data available from experimental animal studies. Key factors include the species and number of animals used in the experiment giving statistical power, the route of administration, the duration of the experiment, the incidence of spontaneous tumors, and the appropriate selection of tumors that might occur in humans. There is a need for continuous improvement and harmonization of risk assessment methods and the incorporation of the latest scientific research to effectively manage health risks associated with exposure to carcinogenic substances in the workplace. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2025;76(1):41-55.

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