青少年的个性与性别、年龄、社会经济地位解释心理健康：一项具有代表性的瑞典国家研究

Q2 Medicine

Mental Health and Prevention Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI:10.1016/j.mhp.2025.200399

Petri Kajonius , David Sjöström , Isabella Gripe , Siri Thor , Emma Claesdotter-Knutsson

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的本研究比较个体人格特征和人口统计学变量，即性别、年龄和社会经济地位，以解释瑞典一项大型代表性青少年高中调查中的心理健康状况。方法于2024年对15 ~ 18岁青少年（N = 10288人，回复率79%）进行问卷调查，首次采用大五人格量表(十项人格量表；TIPI)以及3种不同的心理健康测量(一般焦虑障碍，GAD-7；日常功能障碍;以及对自我的整体满意度)。结果五大人格特征的个体差异，尤其是神经质，对心理健康的解释大约是人口统计学差异的10倍。在所有研究测量中，女性比男性报告更高的神经质（d = 0.68）和更低的心理健康（dMean = -0.62）。一般焦虑（GAD-7）的差异相当于4名女性中有3名高于男性平均水平。年龄和社会经济地位的影响微乎其微。结论我们讨论了研究的局限性，并建议在青少年心理健康研究中考虑个体的个性差异。

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Adolescents’ personality and sex, age, socioeconomic status in explaining mental health: A representative Swedish national study

Objective

The present study compared individual personality traits and demographic variables, i.e. sex, age, and socioeconomic status, in explaining mental health in a large representative adolescent Swedish high school survey.

Method

This data collection on 15- to 18-year-olds (N = 10,288, response rate 79 %) was conducted in 2024 and included, for the first time, a brief Big Five personality measure (Ten Item Personality Inventory; TIPI) together with 3 diverse mental health measures (General Anxiety Disorder, GAD-7; Daily dysfunction; and Global satisfaction with self).

Results

Individual differences in the Big Five personality traits, particularly neuroticism, explained mental health approximately 10 times more than demographic differences. Females reported higher neuroticism (d = 0.68) and lower mental health across all study measures (d_Mean = -0.62) than males. Differences in general anxiety (GAD-7) equated to 3 out of 4 females being higher than the male mean. Age and socioeconomic status showed trivial effects.