Associated factors that contribute to readiness for healthcare transition in a population of adolescents and young adults with special healthcare needs

Background

Children with special health care needs (SHCN) are a growing population in the United States, who because of advancements in medicine, are surviving into adulthood and are expected to transition from pediatric care to adult care. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe which ecological variables (internal locus of control, self-efficacy, self-advocacy, adolescent responsibility, parental responsibility, or perceived healthcare provider communication) are most influential in preparing adolescents and young adults (AYA) with SHCN to transition into the adult healthcare system.

Methods

A convenience sample of AYA with SHCN between the ages of 18–25, were recruited from specialty clinics, universities, local and national organizations. Flyers were placed at local establishments and businesses. The researcher also reached out to AYA with SHCN and those that worked with AYA with SHCN. Participants completed an online survey and multiple linear regression was used to answer the research question.

Results

Self-advocacy (p=.013), self-efficacy (p=.007), adolescent responsibility (p<.001), and communication with healthcare provider (p=.014) significantly predicted transition readiness. The resultant model was significant (F (1, 78) =6.39, P=.014, Adj R 2 =.540 and R 2 =.573).

Conclusion

This study addresses the gap in literature by examining factors from multiple domains that are theoretically seen as potentially influencing transition readiness. By determining which transition variables are the most important and necessary for transition readiness, then programs can be created to bolster them.