Rewriting the unknown: Investigation of unclear stone inscriptions with problematic contexts based on close-range photogrammetry, 3D digital microscopy and geochemical analysis

This paper proposes a methodological approach to analyse stone inscriptions with complex interpretations and unclear contexts. A workflow is proposed to characterise the origin of the objects and a methodology to improve the visualisation and characterise their carvings and symbols. As a case study that embodies all these issues, the inscription of Elviña is chosen to unfold these approaches. Thus, firstly, a geochemical analysis is proposed to identify the areas where the slate was obtained. Subsequently, a study of the carvings is proposed combining photogrammetry and 3D microscopy techniques. The aim is to provide a comprehensive review of the inscription, differentiating the alterations from the original carvings and offering a detailed reading of the symbols depicted. Finally, the results will be contrasted with different writing systems coherent with its archaeological context.