Reliability-based safety format for structural fire engineering – Derivation based on the most likely failure point

Designing structures for burnout resistance ensures stability during evacuation and search and rescue operations, limits collateral damage, and enhances post-fire repairability. This represents a significant shift from traditional prescriptive designs that do not evaluate performance under realistic fire conditions. However, given the variability in fire exposure and structural response, it is unclear which input values should be used to ensure a high level of reliability for burnout calculations. This paper introduces a safety format for burnout resistance compatible with the Eurocode and its reliability principles. The format allows users to specify desired reliability levels and prescribes equations for determining design values for load effects and fire load density using predetermined sensitivity weights. A method for calculating default sensitivity weights is outlined, proposing tentative values: 0.65 for resistance effect, −0.40 for load effect, and −0.80 for fire load density, with a default coefficient of variation of 0.30 for resistance effect when case-specific information is lacking. The safety format's performance is verified through case studies of a concrete slab and a numerical evaluation of a steel column, showing satisfactory and conservatively assessed results. Inherent conservatism in the design format may, however, occasionally lead to the undue rejection of designs. Further investigations are necessary to confirm the safety format's conceptualization, default sensitivity weights, and the influence of the adopted compartment fire model.