A Comprehensive Review on Advancements in Modification Strategies of Polymer Blends for Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Capture and Reuse

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is emitted into the atmosphere through the combustion of fossil fuels and various industrial processes, and it is presently regarded as a significant factor in global warming. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) stands out as a prominent strategy put forward to address CO₂ emissions. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in CO₂-based polymers, focusing on sustainable biopolymers, including copolymers and polymer blends. A thorough analysis of CO₂ co-polymers as components in polymer blends is conducted, focusing on the capture of CO₂. In recent years, carbon capture technology has attracted considerable focus as a strategy to mitigate the negative effects of increasing CO₂ levels in the environment. The process of developing polymer blends entails merging two or more polymeric substances to harness their distinct advantages. This investigation assessed polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyether sulfone (PES), polyurethane (PU), and polyimide (PI) based on their chemical properties as promising polymer blends for the efficient separation of CO₂. Advances in polymer blend modifications for improved CO₂ capture and reuse are highlighted in this review, with a focus on strategies such as chemical functionalization (e.g., amine or hydroxyl groups), the utilization of porous materials, and the integration of hybrid systems, delving into CO₂ adsorption efficiency, selectivity, and reusability. The paper also examines novel materials' potential for CO₂-to-product conversion, such as bio-based polymers and nano-engineered blends. The main obstacles and potential paths for applications that are sustainable and scalable are described.