Feasibility analysis of e-bus-based transit system for sustainable urban mobility

Balancing the growing demand for mobility on congested city roads presents a significant challenge in urban areas. One potential solution is a shift towards electric-based mass transit systems, moving away from personal vehicles. This shift would alleviate traffic congestion and reduce emissions caused by traditional transit systems. However, implementing large-scale e-mobility in developing countries has several challenges, including an unreliable electricity grid and limited power sources. Additionally, passenger comfort and system reliability are also raised concerns. Accomplishing sustainable e-mobility in an urban scenario needs cost-effective generation with controlled emissions. This study primarily computes power generation costs and emissions from plants like coal-dominated and renewable energy resources. These two generation plant scenarios would help to understand the exact numbers of generation cost, emission reduction, and health cost reduction in case a nation plans to shift towards green energy. The analysis's findings demonstrate that using solar-powered energy sources can reduce carbon pollution to 124.96 g/km while releasing relatively few additional pollutants. Furthermore, during 10 years from 2020 to 2030, the generating cost of e-buses powered by solar PVs is a meager 0.93 million. The anticipated yearly costs for energy generation and health care are 0.875 million and 0.2 million in Indian rupees, respectively. All of these factors are predicted to have substantially reduced, making it clear that moving towards renewable resources in the future could lower overall health expenses and make energy more affordable.