Online Elastic Resource Provisioning With QoS Guarantee in Container-Based Cloud Computing

In cloud data centers, the exponential growth of data places increasing demands on computing, storage, and network resources, especially in multi-tenant environments. While this growth is crucial for ensuring Quality of Service (QoS), it also introduces challenges such as fluctuating resource requirements and static container configurations, which can lead to resource underutilization and high energy consumption. This article addresses online resource provisioning and efficient scheduling for multi-tenant environments, aiming to minimize energy consumption while balancing elasticity and QoS requirements. To address this, we propose a novel optimization framework that reformulates the resource provisioning problem into a more manageable form. By reducing the original multi-constraint optimization to a container placement problem, we apply the interior-point barrier method to simplify the optimization, integrating constraints directly into the objective function for efficient computation. We also introduce elasticity as a key parameter to balance energy consumption with autonomous resource scaling, ensuring that resource consolidation does not compromise system flexibility. The proposed Energy-Efficient and Elastic Resource Provisioning (EEP) framework comprises three main modules: a distributed resource management module that employs vertical partitioning and dynamic leader election for adaptive resource allocation; a prediction module using $\omega$-step prediction for accurate resource demand forecasting; and an elastic scheduling module that dynamically adjusts to tenant scaling needs, optimizing resource allocation and minimizing energy consumption. Extensive experiments across diverse cloud scenarios demonstrate that the EEP framework significantly improves energy efficiency and resource utilization compared to established baselines, supporting sustainable cloud management practices.